1 Introduction

During the summer months of 2014, 2016 and 2018, Open Space and Mountain Parks (OSMP) conducted three monitoring cycles for the Voice and Sight Dog Tag Program (Tag Program). This monitoring program is designed to evaluate compliance rates with dog regulations on OSMP lands and to assist with evaluation of the Tag Program enhancements that were enacted in 2015.

Acknowledgments

This report is the collective work of many OSMP staff and the participation of countless public participants. Specifically, we would like to thank Ann Lezberg, Deonne VanderWoude, Ellyn Bitume, Ruth Magtanong, Bryce Limón, Zak Lance, Danielle Atton, Saleh Dadjouy, Pete Lundskow, and Dominic Battista who collected field data for this project. Deonne VanderWoude was project manager for the 2014 monitoring cycle and Colin Leslie was project manager for the 2016 and 2018 cycles. Heidi Seidel managed all field operations in 2018. Additionally, we would like to thank the many staff in Education and Outreach, Rangers, and Resource Information Services workgroups who have helped review and manage program data. Finally, we would like to thank Steve Armstead, Mark Gershman, Ann Lezberg, Joe Reale, Ruth Magtanong, Charlie Philbrick, Deonne VanderWoude and external peer reviewers who contributed to the development of the project protocols.

Individually, and collectively, we thank you.

1.1 Background

The Tag Program is a management strategy within the Education and Outreach, Safety and Enforcement, Recreation Opportunities and User Conflict Reduction Initiatives of the 2005 Visitor Master Plan. Under the Tag Program, launched in the summer of 2006, visitors wishing to manage their dog(s) off-leash and under voice and sight control are required to have a voice and sight tag visibly displayed on their dogs. From 2006 through 2014, the process of obtaining a voice and sight tag required an applicant to view a video describing the requirements of voice and sight control, acknowledge understanding of those requirements, pay a fee, and complete a registration form.

In 2011, under the direction of the City of Boulder Council, OSMP began developing Tag Program enhancement to try and increase compliance with voice and sight regulations. Through collaboration between OSMP staff, public stakeholder groups, and dog behavioral specialists and researchers, Tag Program enhancements were developed.

Program enhancements were implemented in 2015 (Figure 1.1), which now require individuals wishing to participate in the program to attend an hour-long in-person Tag Program training session. Dog guardians who are not registered in the program or who do not have a voice and sight tag visibly displayed on their dog are required to keep their dog on-leash while visiting OSMP lands and other City of Boulder properties where voice and sight control is not an option. Note: At this time, the voice and sight course has been migrated to an online course in accordance with health orders to minimize social interactions in response to COVID-19.

During the development of the 2015 Tag Program enhancements, the Voice and Sight Dog Tag Monitoring Program (Tag Monitoring Program) was also reviewed, resulting in significant revisions to the existing protocol (used from 2006 to 2010). The new protocol was also reviewed as part of the extensive public process (Figure 1.1). The updated monitoring protocol was first enacted as part of the 2014 monitoring cycle and has now fully superseded the previous monitoring protocol that was in effect between 2006 and 2010. The three monitoring cycles were designed to be conducted before (2014), soon after (2016) and three years after (2018) implementation of the Tag Program enhancements in 2015.

Timeline history for the OSMP Voice and Sight Dog Tag Monitoring Program.

Figure 1.1: Timeline history for the OSMP Voice and Sight Dog Tag Monitoring Program.

This report includes results from all three monitoring cycles for the current monitoring program and provides only a limited discussion of the Tag Monitoring Program’s genesis. A more comprehensive discussion on development of the 2014 – 2018 monitoring program can be found in the 2014 monitoring report and the 2016 monitoring protocol.

1.2 Goals and Objectives

The goal of the Tag Monitoring Program is to evaluate compliance with OSMP and City of Boulder (CoB) dog regulations by visitors to OSMP lands at a system-wide level. Evaluative measures in the Tag Monitoring Program are based on the goals of the Tag Program. The table below displays Tag Program goals on the left and corresponding monitoring measures on the right.

Tag Program goals

  • Increase the proportion of dog guardians visiting OSMP lands who have control over their dogs as required by applicable regulations, including proof of current dog rabies vaccinations.
  • Maintain a safe, high-quality visitor experience for all
  • Contribute to natural resource conservation.

The Tag Program enhancements project’s objective relevant to this monitoring study is to: Increase compliance with observed dog regulations and voice and sight control rules.

1.3 Guidance from the Visitor Master Plan

The Tag Program is a management strategy within the Education and Outreach, Safety and Enforcement, Recreation Opportunities and User Conflict Reduction Initiatives of the Visitor Master Plan (VMP) (City of Boulder, 2005). Under the Tag Program, launched in the summer of 2006, visitors wishing to manage dogs off-leash and under voice and sight control were required to have a voice and sight tag visibly displayed on their dogs and comply with all other program requirements. The 2005 VMP outlined monitoring measures associated with dog management on OMSP (City of Boulder, 2005 p. 59, 63, 64). All measures initially had a proposed standard of 90% visitor compliance.

Most recently, dog management actions have been prescribed through Trail Study Area (TSA) processes and plans, with strategies associated with the OSMP management area designation guiding dog management decisions. The VMP established the four management area designations (Passive Recreation Areas, Natural Areas, Agricultural Areas, and Habitat Conservation Areas) based upon characteristics of visitation and current resource status, and describes general management objectives for each. Strategies for dog management range from voice and sight control with off-trail opportunities (maximum access) to dogs prohibited (no access). Typically, Passive Recreation Areas have the greatest amount of access for dogs/guardians and Habitat Conservation Areas have the least access.

2 Methods

The 2014 - 2018 Tag Monitoring Program consisted of several different monitoring measures associated with dog management on OSMP lands. These include:

Monitoring measures

  • Visible voice and sight tag display
  • Compliance with carrying a leash on-person for voice and sight trails a
  • Dog(s) within sight
  • Off leash dog(s) under voice control
  • No charging, chasing, or otherwise displaying aggression toward any person or dog
  • No chasing, harassing or disturbing wildlife or livestock
  • No more than 2 dogs off-leash per guardian
  • Dog(s) on leash on permanent and seasonally leash required trails
  • On/Off leash ratios on voice and sight designated trails b

a only conducted in 2014
b only conducted in 2018

All of the measures were designed to evaluate specific sets of dog management criteria using methods that would capture day-to-day, on-the-ground conditions associated with dog management on OSMP lands. The goal of this monitoring effort was to assess conditions at a system-wide scale by conducting randomized field observations that were both spatially and temporally distributed. Constructing a large sample frame of locations, distributed across the majority of the OSMP land system, minimized the probability that conditions at any one location would bias the final results. Again, the goal was to evaluate dog management across the land system as a whole, not to evaluate or “target” any specific locations.

2.1 Regulatory Foundations

All of the measures for the Tag Program Monitoring were focused on assessing regulatory compliance with Voice and Sight control (BRC 6-1-2), Voice and Sight Control Evidence Tag (BRC 6-13-2 through 6-13-5) and Dogs Running at Large Prohibited (BRC 6-1-16), as they apply to dog management on OSMP trails. It did not attempt to quantify the frequency or severity of non-regulatory issues such as dog management etiquette, courtesy or conflict.

Specifically, the aggregate behaviors of interest that were recorded for Voice and sight behavioral events were based on the following definition:

Boulder Revised Code – Voice and Sight control definition (BRC 6-1-2)*

“Voice and sight control” means the ability of a guardian or keeper to adequately control a dog by using voice commands and sight commands (such as hand gestures). In order for a guardian or keeper to have voice and sight control over a dog, the guardian or keeper must: (1) be able to see the dog’s actions; and (2) be able to prevent the dog from engaging in the following behaviors, using voice and sight commands, without regard to circumstances or distractions:

  1. Charging, chasing or otherwise displaying aggression toward any person or behave toward any person in a manner that a reasonable person would find harassing or disturbing;
  2. Charging, chasing or otherwise displaying aggression toward any dog;
  3. Chasing, harassing or disturbing wildlife or livestock; or
  4. Failing to come to and stay with the guardian or keeper immediately upon command by such person.

2.2 Study Area

The study area was bound to designated trails on OSMP that include sanctioned opportunities for guardians to bring dogs on open space. Only properties where OSMP has enforcement responsibility are included. Mountain peaks and other hard to reach areas greater than a 60-minute hike from an access point were excluded from the study area. A full list of locations is available at the end of this report in the Appendix, All Monitoring Sites.

Below is an interactive map with locations for each monitoring type (Figure 2.1). Points for permanent and seasonal leash monitoring sites represent the location of line transects across the trail that were used for observing the leash status of dogs in visitor groups as they passed the transect. Voice and sight points represent the location where the observer was stationed such that they could see visitor groups as they traversed previously mapped linear sections of trail. Purple lines represent the field of view that visitor groups were observed across for voice and sight observations. Circles are size proportionately to the total number of visitor groups observed at that location across all three monitoring cycles.

Click on the circle icons to show a pop-up with the location name and number of visitor groups observed each year. Note that sample locations were randomly selected each year so some years might have zero visitor groups either because they were not selected or no visitor groups were observed during the observation session.

Figure 2.1: Map of monitoring locations, symbolized by total number of visitor groups observed across all three monitoring years. Purple lines represent the portion of trail that was included in the field of view from the observation point.

2.2.1 Site Characteristics

The following criteria were considered when selecting monitoring locations for the current monitoring program. Any given site does not meet or include all criteria; see the 2016 monitoring protocol for additional detail on site selection:

  • Sight distance of at least 400 feet (voice and sight component only)
  • Audio distance of at least 400 feet (voice and sight component only)
  • Few visual obstructions on/along trail such as boulders, shrubs, trees, trail undulations or switchbacks
  • Ease of access and available legal parking for field technician
  • Location along trail continuum; need to represent various locations along the trail (trailhead, first quarter mile, interior)
  • Recreation setting (combination of biophysical, managerial and social conditions along with infrastructure development); need to represent a range of recreation settings
  • Existence of a potential challenge for dog management (water access, prairie dogs, livestock)
  • Topographical setting; need to represent flats, hills, peak access, canyons
  • Not within a Trailhead Leash area
  • Underlain by OSMP owned and managed property (OSMP has enforcement responsibility)

2.3 Sample Selection

Samples for each monitoring component were drawn using a multi-stage sampling method to construct a final, randomized list of locations, dates, and start times for observation period (Table 2.1).

Table 2.1: General sample selection methods for each stage of the multi-stage sample construction
Stage Sample Method Additional Criteria
Stage 1: Location Simple Random with Replacement None
Stage 2: Date Simple Random with Replacement Max = 2 (2016), Max = 3 (2018)
Stage 3: Time Simple Random with Replacement Only daylight hours (7am – 7pm)

By utilizing a simple random sample with replacement for each of the sampling stages, a non-biased sample was constructed such that any given combination of a location, date, and start time had a non-zero probability of being selected for observation. This sample method helped minimize selection bias among high or low use times, dates, or locations within the list of established monitoring sites (Table ??). As a result, some observation periods occurred during high use times at high use locations while others occurred at low use times and low use locations, as well as all use and location combinations in between those extremes.

2.4 Data Collection

All of the data collected for the Tag Monitoring Program were done using a study designed to evaluate dog and guardian compliance with observable aspects of specific dog regulations of the voice and sight ordinances. Data were collected by dedicated field staff who received extensive training prior to data collection on how to observe visitor group attributes, dog and human behaviors, wildlife and livestock responses, and guardian dog management behaviors.

2.4.1 Voice and Sight Behavioral

For the voice and sight behavioral component, observers utilized a series of datasheets with predefined data fields and value codes to systematically and objectively record attributes (Figure 6.2) and events (Figure 6.3) of the visitor group under observation. Observations were categorized as pass events when no dog behaviors of interest were observed (Figure 2.2) and interactions when the dog under observation did exhibited a behavior of interest toward another person, dog, wildlife or livestock. Events were recorded as other when the dog was out of sight and/or the guardian issued a command (and these observations were not associated with a pass or interaction event). The recording structure for field observations allowed staff to record the context and chronological sequence of each group’s behaviors and interactions.

Behaviors of interest for dogs in the visitor group under observation.

Figure 2.2: Behaviors of interest for dogs in the visitor group under observation.

When the event opportunity involved other people, observers looked for specific behavioral responses by the people in the other group (Figure 2.2). When possible, observers also noted whether or not there was clear directionality in who or what initiated the interaction when one occurred. For example, it could be that the dog in the other group initiated the interaction or that a person in the other group extended a verbal or physical invitation to the dog. Directionality and response behaviors were considered in context with the other behaviors demonstrated during an event.

Behaviors of interest for people in the other group in reponse to the event opportunity.

Figure 2.3: Behaviors of interest for people in the other group in reponse to the event opportunity.

Once all data collection was completed, field observations were evaluated by the monitoring, Tag Program, and ranger staff to determine a final compliance outcome for each visitor group. This post-collection review reduced the influence of on-site subjectivity and helped normalize compliance determinations across all field staff and observation sessions.

An important part of the B.R.C. code states that guardians must have voice control over their dog while off-leash. To issue a voice and sight command means that the guardian spoke an audible command to the dog with their voice. For purposes of this report, and to limit ambiguity, we separated commands into recall commands that were clearly meant to establish voice and sight control over a dog and other attempts that were less clear. Only commands that included a word or phrase associated with a voice and sight regulation (“come” or “here”) were included in the voice control compliance measure. This distinction was established through public process in 2013 as part of the monitoring protocol revision (Figure 1.1). However, in a broader context, other commands may include a variety of guardian signals such as vocalizations (words, whistles, whoops, etc.), clapping, making noises with their person or a device, or by motions, movements or positions of their person (physically controlling the dog).

For the voice and sight component, overall compliance was calculated by quantifying the following selected measures for each visitor group.

  • Visible voice and sight tag display
  • Dog(s) within sight
  • Off leash dog(s) under voice control (response to voice and sight command of guardian)
  • No charging, chasing, or otherwise displaying aggression toward any person or dog
  • No chasing, harassing or disturbing wildlife or livestock
  • No more than 2 dogs off-leash per guardian

If a visitor group was not compliant with any one of these regulations, they were considered noncompliant in the overall compliance measure. However, compliance results for each measure have also been reported separately in the results section. For each measure (individual and overall) the number of noncompliant visitor groups was divided by the total observed groups to obtain the compliance measure.

2.4.2 Permanent and Seasonal Leash Required

The permanent and seasonal leash required components evaluated compliance with leash requirements by observing dogs at specific points on designated leash trails across OSMP. The monitoring program included 35 permanent leash required and 8 seasonal leash required monitoring locations.

Field observations were recorded on datasheets (Figure 6.4) using many of the same fields as the voice and sight component to record visitor group attributes and tag display. When a visitor group passed through a designated line transect across the trail the number, leash and tag status of all dogs in the visitor group were recorded. No behaviors were recorded as part of the leash requirement components. These locations are not part of the Tag Program and to be compliant with regulations on leash required trails, all dogs in the visitor group must be on leash, regardless of the presence or absence of a voice and sight tag.

2.5 Field Methods

For all components, field personnel arrive at the monitoring site at least ten minutes prior to the start of the monitoring period. Most monitoring sites required a hike from the trailhead or other parking area and the time necessary to access the site was appropriately planned for. Once at the locations, staff conducted a continuous three-hour observation session. Field personnel did not wear attire that identified them as OSMP staff and conducted observations from predefined locations set back from the observation zone or transect. This allowed for observers to remain largely inconspicuous so they did not influence the behavior of the visitor group under observation.

2.5.1 Voice and Sight Regulations

For voice and sight observations, the observer watched the first visitor group with one or more off-leash dogs that entered the observation zone (from any direction). The observer recorded the visitor group data using a structured data sheet with pre-defined fields and observation codes (Figure 6.2). The observer watched the visitor group the entire time the group remained in the observation zone. If an event opportunity was observed while the group was under observation, all relevant variable for the event were recorded on the event data sheet (Figure 6.3). Visitor groups could have anywhere from zero to tens of events. Once the group being observed left the observation area, the observer waited for a new dog containing group to enter the observation area (so that it could be observed for the entire zone) and repeated the data collection process.

2.5.2 Leash Status Observations

For leash status observations, the observer recorded every visitor group with one or more dogs that crossed over the observation point (coming from all directions). The observer recorded the visitor group data using a structured data sheet with pre-defined fields and observation codes (Figure 6.4).

3 Results

Before getting into specific components of the methods, it is worth taking a moment to understand the relationship between the sample selection and analysis process. While the sample selection procedures required staff to select from a randomized combination of locations and times, the actual unit of analysis for all components is the . Staff conducted observations at predefined locations where they could view a visitor group as they passed by a specific point or traversed a predefined section of trail. Staff utilized structured coding guides to systematically and objectively record attributes and behaviors of the visitor group under observation.

The specific number of visitor groups that were observed during each three-hour period was variable, subject to both the general visitation levels of the location selected as well as random environmental variables, such as weather. It is for this reason that all observations have been aggregated within each observation type. It is neither possible nor appropriate to try and make statistical inferences regarding site specific compliance with dog management regulations.

3.1 General Results and Interpretation

The majority of OSMP trails are included in the master sampling site list . However, as a result of selecting monitoring sites with a maximum of a 60-minute hiking access time, compliance estimates generated by this study should only be generalized to the population of dog guardians that visit trails on OSMP that allow dogs and have similar dog management as to those shown on the map (Figure 2.1).

The monitoring program is designed to gain an understanding of the level of compliance with Tag Program requirements, leash regulations and excrement removal across all trails on the OSMP system that met our selection criteria. For each component, we have aggregated data at the yearly level as observations at individual sites were too few to provide statistically confident comparisons between sites.

Depending on the particular measure, not all visitor groups observed necessarily had an opportunity to be evaluated for compliance. For example, entering a closure could only be evaluated if the visitor group was traveling adjacent to an area closure. As such, it is important to consider the associated confidence interval for compliance percentages. Confidence intervals have been calculated using a binomial proportion confidence interval since compliance for each measure can be considered a series of success–failure experiments Bernoulli trials.

3.2 Sample Composition

Trained staff conducted direct observation in the field using a randomized sample of locations, dates and times. All collection types and sessions were conducted in three hour blocks. While individual start hours were randomized, we can classify each session broadly into AM, Mid-day, and PM sessions to get a sense of when collections took place across the day. This is significant as we know from both previous research and anecdotal observations that aspects of both human and dog visitation vary throughout the day. Simple randomization of observations times helped to minimize bias of overall results toward any particular type of temporally based visitation pattern.

The sample effort was increased slightly each subsequent monitoring cycle. This was done in an attempt to capture more interactions between visitor groups as it was apparent that many behavioral issues were appearing in much lower frequencies than thought. It was supporter however by the increased capacity resulting from the formalization of the Human Dimensions Program in 2015. The 2018 sample effort was the most extensive, designed to capture both spring and fall seasonal leash closures as well as add the additional component of leash status monitoring on voice and sight trails.

3.2.1 Monitoring Sessions

Monitoring sessions were randomly selected using the criteria described above in the Sample Selection section. There are a number of ways we can cross-tabulate observation sessions, which can be viewed using the tabs below.

Aggregated by Year

Number of monitoring sessions conducted by monitoring type, year and time period of the day.

Figure 3.1: Number of monitoring sessions conducted by monitoring type, year and time period of the day.

By Start Time

Start time for observations sessions plotted across months for each monitoring year. Each session was three hours long.

Figure 3.2: Start time for observations sessions plotted across months for each monitoring year. Each session was three hours long.

Summarized Tabular View

Table 3.1: Number of sessions by type and period of day.
Year Session Type AM Mid-day PM Total
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status 22 23 22 67
Seasonal Leash - Leash Status 12 5 4 21
Voice and Sight - Behavioral 25 22 18 65
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status 34 31 30 95
Seasonal Leash - Leash Status 10 10 10 30
Voice and Sight - Behavioral 29 26 43 98
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status 32 28 21 81
Seasonal Leash - Leash Status 17 17 11 45
Voice and Sight - Behavioral 35 32 44 111
Voice and Sight - Leash Status 19 23 19 61

Detailed Tabular View

Table 3.2: Number of visitor groups observed by individual observation session.
Year Type Location Date Visitor Groups
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Boulder Creek Path - Foothills 2014-06-09 5
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Boulder Creek Path - Foothills 2014-06-10 2
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Boulder Creek Path - Foothills 2014-07-04 2
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Buckingham Park 2014-05-14 0
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Buckingham Park 2014-05-18 3
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Buckingham Park 2014-05-25 1
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Buckingham Park 2014-05-26 1
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Buckingham Park 2014-06-03 2
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Buckingham Park 2014-07-18 0
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Cowdrey Draw 2014-06-07 0
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Cowdrey Draw 2014-06-13 1
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Cowdrey Draw 2014-07-01 0
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Cowdrey Draw 2014-07-10 1
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Dakota Ridge Trail 2014-06-11 18
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Dakota Ridge Trail 2014-07-08 8
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Dakota Ridge Trail 2014-07-18 16
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status E.M. Greenman 2014-06-05 1
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status East Boulder - Teller Lake ADA 2014-06-04 2
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Eldorado Canyon Trail 2014-05-22 0
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Eldorado Canyon Trail 2014-06-06 0
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Foothills South/Old Kiln 2014-05-15 7
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Foothills South/Old Kiln 2014-06-20 2
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Foothills South/Old Kiln 2014-07-12 7
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Foothills South/Old Kiln 2014-07-16 3
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Fowler Trail 2014-06-24 2
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Fowler Trail 2014-07-09 1
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Fowler Trail 2014-07-10 0
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Green Mountain West Ridge/Green Bear 2014-05-16 2
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status High Plains Trail 2014-05-28 0
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status High Plains Trail 2014-06-01 1
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status High Plains Trail 2014-06-02 0
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status High Plains Trail 2014-06-23 0
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status High Plains Trail 2014-06-26 0
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status KOA Lake Greenway 2014-05-23 1
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status KOA Lake Greenway 2014-07-08 0
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Lefthand Trail 2014-06-12 2
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Lefthand Trailhead 2014-05-24 0
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Lefthand Trailhead 2014-06-25 0
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Lefthand Trailhead 2014-07-15 0
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Lost Gulch Trail 2014-05-19 0
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Lost Gulch Trail 2014-07-06 5
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Lower Big Bluestem/Bluestem Connector 2014-06-12 2
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Lower Big Bluestem/Bluestem Connector 2014-06-22 3
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Lower Big Bluestem/Bluestem Connector 2014-07-03 3
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Marshall Lake Lookout 2014-05-29 4
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Old Kiln Trail 2014-06-17 0
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Old Kiln Trail 2014-06-21 1
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Post Office Access 2014-05-27 1
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Post Office Access 2014-07-09 0
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status South Boulder Creek Greenway 2014-06-18 6
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status South Boulder Creek Greenway 2014-06-27 10
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status South Boulder Creek Greenway 2014-07-21 1
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Spring Brook Loop North 2014-06-29 0
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Spring Brook Loop North 2014-07-17 1
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Wonderland Hill Trail 2014-06-15 2
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Wonderland Hill Trail 2014-06-16 7
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Wonderland Hill Trail 2014-06-19 1
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Wonderland Hill Trail 2014-06-30 3
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Wonderland Lake TH 2014-05-19 10
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Wonderland Lake TH 2014-05-31 9
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Wonderland Lake TH 2014-06-15 25
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Wonderland Lake TH 2014-06-28 3
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Wonderland Lake TH 2014-07-02 5
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Wonderland Lake TH 2014-07-13 23
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Wonderland Lake Trail 2014-06-14 0
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Wonderland Lake Trail 2014-07-07 7
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Wonderland Lake Trail 2014-07-16 1
2014 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Greenbelt Plateau Trail 2014-05-24 2
2014 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Greenbelt Plateau Trail 2014-05-27 0
2014 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Greenbelt Plateau Trail 2014-05-30 1
2014 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Greenbelt Plateau Trail 2014-05-31 0
2014 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Greenbelt Plateau Trail 2014-06-01 1
2014 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Greenbelt Plateau Trail 2014-06-02 0
2014 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Greenbelt Plateau Trail 2014-06-03 0
2014 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Greenbelt Plateau Trail 2014-06-04 1
2014 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Greenbelt Plateau Trail 2014-06-09 3
2014 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Greenbelt Plateau Trail 2014-06-10 0
2014 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Greenbelt Plateau Trail 2014-06-11 0
2014 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Greenbelt Plateau Trail 2014-06-15 2
2014 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Greenbelt Plateau Trail 2014-06-16 0
2014 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Greenbelt Plateau Trail 2014-06-17 1
2014 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Greenbelt Plateau Trail 2014-06-19 1
2014 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Greenbelt Plateau Trail 2014-06-20 0
2014 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Greenbelt Plateau Trail 2014-06-21 1
2014 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Greenbelt Plateau Trail 2014-06-22 1
2014 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Greenbelt Plateau Trail 2014-06-28 0
2014 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Greenbelt Plateau Trail 2014-07-02 0
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Anemone Trail 2014-05-21 7
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Anemone Trail 2014-05-27 1
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Bluebell - Baird Trail 2014-06-18 2
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Bluebell - Baird Trail 2014-06-21 8
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Bluebell Road 2014-05-28 12
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Bobolink Trail New 2014-07-11 4
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Centennial Greenway 2014-07-09 0
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Centennial TH 2014-06-08 5
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Centennial TH 2014-07-17 4
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Coal Seam Trail 2014-07-16 1
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Cobalt Trail 2014-06-22 0
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Cottonwood Trail 2014-05-24 3
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Cottonwood Trail 2014-07-19 0
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Dakota Ridge Trail 2014-07-14 5
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Doudy Draw/Community Ditch New 2014-07-18 1
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Dry Creek Trail New 2014-07-11 23
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Eagle Shelter 2014-06-30 1
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Eagle TH 2014-05-30 3
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Eagle TH 2014-06-04 5
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Eagle West New 2014-05-29 4
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Eagle West New 2014-06-28 3
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Eagle West New 2014-07-17 7
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral East Ridge Trail 2014-06-07 2
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Flagstaff Trail 2014-06-12 2
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Flatirons Loop Trail 2014-06-17 1
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Flatirons Vista TH 2014-06-29 4
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Flatirons Vista Trail 2014-06-29 1
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Flatirons Vista Trail 2014-07-17 2
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Foothills TH New 2014-06-24 0
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Foothills Trail 2014-06-16 8
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Four Pines TH 2014-06-15 14
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Fourmile Creek Greenway 2014-06-26 4
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Gregory Canyon Trail 2014-06-02 0
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Gregory Canyon Trail 2014-06-20 1
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Hidden Valley Trail 2014-07-19 0
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Kohler Mesa Trail 2014-06-01 6
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Lehigh Connector - South Trail 2014-07-08 4
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Marshall Mesa TH 2014-07-04 15
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Marshall Mesa Trail 2014-07-09 5
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Mesa Reservoir Trail 2014-07-10 4
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Mesa/N. Shanahan 2014-07-05 3
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral North Rim Trail 2014-06-23 0
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Prairie Vista Trail 2014-05-27 7
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral RangeView Trail 2014-05-22 2
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Red Rocks Trail New 2014-05-23 10
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Red Rocks Trail New 2014-06-11 5
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Sage Trail 2014-07-15 1
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Sanitas Valley Trail 2014-06-03 16
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Shadow Canyon North 2014-05-26 8
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Shadow Canyon North 2014-06-09 0
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Shanahan - South Fork Trail 2014-06-15 8
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Shanahan - South Fork Trail 2014-06-25 7
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Shanahan - South Fork Trail 2014-07-13 8
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Shanahan Ridge 2014-06-05 8
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Shanahan Ridge 2014-07-12 20
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Skunk Canyon Trail 2014-06-06 5
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Skunk Canyon Trail 2014-07-06 0
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral South Boulder Creek West TH 2014-06-13 3
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral South Mesa Trail New 2014-07-16 6
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Sunshine Canyon Trail 2014-07-11 0
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Upper Chautauqua Trail 2014-06-14 8
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Upper Chautauqua Trail 2014-06-19 4
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Upper Chautauqua Trail 2014-07-01 8
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Ute Trail 2014-06-10 1
2014 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Viewpoint Trail 2014-07-02 0
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Bear Peak West Ridge/Bear Canyon 2016-07-01 1
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Bear Peak West Ridge/Bear Canyon 2016-07-11 0
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Bear Peak West Ridge/Bear Canyon 2016-07-15 2
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Boulder Creek Path - Foothills 2016-07-20 5
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Boulder Creek Path - Foothills 2016-08-28 5
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Boulder Creek Path - Foothills 2016-09-04 5
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Buckingham Park 2016-07-05 4
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Buckingham Park 2016-08-08 0
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Cherryvale TH 2016-06-26 0
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Cherryvale TH 2016-08-03 0
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Cherryvale TH 2016-08-15 0
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Cherryvale TH 2016-08-21 0
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Cottontail Trail 2016-06-25 7
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Cottonwood TH 2016-06-25 7
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Cottonwood TH 2016-07-20 7
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Cottonwood TH 2016-07-24 2
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Cottonwood TH 2016-08-15 5
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Cowdrey Draw 2016-07-02 0
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Cowdrey Draw 2016-08-27 1
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Dakota Ridge Trail 2016-07-10 16
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Dakota Ridge Trail 2016-07-28 9
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Dakota Ridge Trail 2016-08-21 19
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Dakota Ridge Trail 2016-08-28 3
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status E.M. Greenman 2016-06-15 3
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status East Boulder - Teller Lake ADA 2016-06-22 0
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status East Boulder - Teller Lake ADA 2016-07-04 2
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status East Boulder - Teller Lake ADA 2016-07-08 1
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status East Boulder - Teller Lake ADA 2016-07-12 0
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status East Boulder - Teller Lake ADA 2016-08-29 0
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Eldorado Canyon Trail 2016-06-29 0
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Foothills South/Old Kiln 2016-06-15 14
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Fowler Trail 2016-07-02 3
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Fowler Trail 2016-08-14 3
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Green Mountain West Ridge/Green Bear 2016-06-18 3
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Green Mountain West Ridge/Green Bear 2016-07-17 1
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Green Mountain West Ridge/Green Bear 2016-07-25 0
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Green Mountain West Ridge/Green Bear 2016-08-04 0
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Green Mountain West Ridge/Green Bear 2016-08-23 1
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Green Mountain West Ridge/Green Bear 2016-08-31 4
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status High Plains Trail 2016-09-01 0
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Homestead Leash Trail 2016-06-23 7
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Homestead Leash Trail 2016-07-15 4
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Homestead Leash Trail 2016-07-19 9
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Homestead Leash Trail 2016-07-22 4
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Homestead Leash Trail 2016-07-31 11
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status KOA Lake Greenway 2016-07-14 0
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status KOA Lake Greenway 2016-07-23 0
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status KOA Lake Greenway 2016-08-01 0
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Lefthand Trail 2016-06-19 0
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Lefthand Trail 2016-07-13 0
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Lefthand Trail 2016-07-16 1
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Lefthand Trailhead 2016-06-21 0
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Lefthand Trailhead 2016-08-19 0
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Lost Gulch Trail 2016-06-29 0
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Lost Gulch Trail 2016-07-06 1
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Lost Gulch Trail 2016-07-23 2
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Lost Gulch Trail 2016-07-29 1
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Lost Gulch Trail 2016-08-01 7
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Lost Gulch Trail 2016-08-12 0
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Lost Gulch Trail 2016-08-13 6
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Lost Gulch Trail 2016-08-20 0
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Lower Big Bluestem/Bluestem Connector 2016-07-03 5
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Lower Big Bluestem/Bluestem Connector 2016-07-08 0
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Lower Big Bluestem/Bluestem Connector 2016-07-19 0
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Lower Big Bluestem/Bluestem Connector 2016-08-04 1
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Lower Big Bluestem/Bluestem Connector 2016-08-12 7
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Lower Big Bluestem/Bluestem Connector 2016-09-02 3
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Marshall Lake Lookout 2016-08-17 1
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Marshall Lake Lookout 2016-08-29 1
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Old Kiln Trail 2016-06-30 4
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Old Kiln Trail 2016-07-07 2
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Old Mesa Trail 2016-08-07 0
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Old Mesa Trail 2016-08-08 0
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Old Mesa Trail 2016-08-09 0
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Old Mesa Trail 2016-08-17 0
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status South Boulder Creek Greenway 2016-06-24 0
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status South Boulder Creek Greenway 2016-08-02 0
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Spring Brook Loop North 2016-07-26 1
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Spring Brook Loop North 2016-07-30 1
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Spring Brook Loop North 2016-08-16 0
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Wonderland Hill Trail 2016-07-11 11
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Wonderland Hill Trail 2016-07-27 0
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Wonderland Hill Trail 2016-08-05 0
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Wonderland Hill Trail 2016-08-23 9
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Wonderland Hill Trail 2016-09-03 5
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Wonderland Lake TH 2016-07-27 17
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Wonderland Lake TH 2016-08-05 6
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Wonderland Lake TH 2016-08-24 38
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Wonderland Lake Trail 2016-06-19 1
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Wonderland Lake Trail 2016-06-23 15
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Wonderland Lake Trail 2016-06-28 3
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Wonderland Lake Trail 2016-07-21 5
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Wonderland Lake Trail 2016-08-10 2
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Wonderland Lake Trail 2016-08-29 2
2016 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Amphitheater Trail 2016-09-16 5
2016 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Amphitheater Trail 2016-09-21 4
2016 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Amphitheater Trail 2016-09-25 7
2016 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Amphitheater Trail 2016-10-08 9
2016 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Amphitheater Trail 2016-10-14 7
2016 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Amphitheater Trail 2016-10-18 0
2016 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Baseline/Bluebell-Baird 2016-09-07 11
2016 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Baseline/Bluebell-Baird 2016-09-15 5
2016 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Baseline/Bluebell-Baird 2016-09-26 5
2016 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Baseline/Bluebell-Baird 2016-10-01 12
2016 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Baseline/Bluebell-Baird 2016-10-14 18
2016 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Baseline/Bluebell-Baird 2016-10-19 11
2016 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Doudy Draw Trail 2016-09-18 8
2016 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Doudy Draw Trail 2016-09-23 5
2016 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Doudy Draw Trail 2016-10-04 1
2016 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Doudy Draw Trail 2016-10-15 10
2016 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Gregory Canyon Trail 2016-09-11 3
2016 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Gregory Canyon Trail 2016-09-17 16
2016 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Gregory Canyon Trail 2016-09-19 5
2016 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Gregory Canyon Trail 2016-09-20 4
2016 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Gregory Canyon Trail 2016-09-23 6
2016 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Gregory Canyon Trail 2016-09-25 16
2016 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Gregory Canyon Trail 2016-10-15 11
2016 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Saddle Rock Trail 2016-09-22 2
2016 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Saddle Rock Trail 2016-10-11 2
2016 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Skunk Canyon Trail 2016-09-12 8
2016 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Skunk Canyon Trail 2016-09-16 4
2016 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Skunk Canyon Trail 2016-10-14 11
2016 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Skunk Canyon Trail 2016-10-18 3
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Amphitheater Trail 2016-07-07 0
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Amphitheater Trail 2016-08-20 2
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Anemone Trail 2016-06-16 0
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Anemone Trail 2016-06-18 2
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Anemone Trail 2016-07-08 0
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Anemone Trail 2016-07-09 0
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Anemone Trail 2016-07-22 0
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Anemone Trail 2016-07-27 0
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Bluebell - Baird Trail 2016-06-24 2
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Bluebell Road 2016-08-04 11
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Bobolink Trail New 2016-08-26 9
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Bobolink Trail New 2016-08-30 5
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Bobolink Trail New 2016-08-31 14
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Centennial Greenway 2016-06-24 3
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Centennial Greenway 2016-08-14 0
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Centennial TH 2016-07-21 6
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Cobalt Trail 2016-07-15 2
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Cobalt Trail 2016-08-29 1
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Contact Corner Trail + Spurs 2016-08-15 1
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Cottonwood Trail 2016-09-02 5
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Crown Rock TH 2016-08-24 0
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Crown Rock Trail 2016-06-26 0
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Crown Rock Trail 2016-07-01 0
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Doudy Draw TH 2016-08-16 0
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Eagle Shelter 2016-07-29 0
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Eagle TH 2016-08-18 3
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral East Ridge Trail 2016-06-17 2
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral East Ridge Trail 2016-06-28 7
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Enchanted Mesa Trail 2016-07-30 2
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Enchanted Mesa Trail 2016-09-03 4
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Fern Canyon Trail 2016-06-18 0
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Fern Meadow - Cragmoor Trail 2016-07-29 0
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Flagstaff Trail 2016-06-22 1
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Flatirons Loop Trail 2016-08-28 4
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Flatirons Vista TH 2016-07-03 4
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Flatirons Vista Trail 2016-07-24 2
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Foothills TH New 2016-07-31 0
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Four Pines Trail 2016-06-15 5
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Fourmile Creek Greenway 2016-08-05 7
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Goat Trail 2016-06-15 0
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Greenbelt Plateau TH 2016-08-26 0
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Greenbelt Plateau Trail 2016-08-06 0
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Gregory Canyon Trail 2016-06-19 13
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Gregory Canyon Trail 2016-08-09 2
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Gunbarrel Trail 2016-07-14 2
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Gunbarrel Trail 2016-08-14 2
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Hidden Valley Trail 2016-06-30 0
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Homestead Trail 2016-09-10 5
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Kohler Mesa Trail 2016-07-13 0
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Lehigh Connector - South Trail 2016-06-27 3
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Mallory Cave Trail 2016-08-16 0
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Marshall Mesa TH 2016-08-27 7
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Mesa Reservoir Trail 2016-08-03 0
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Mesa Reservoir Trail 2016-08-05 0
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Mesa/Enchanted Mesa 2016-07-10 14
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Mesa/Enchanted Mesa 2016-07-16 23
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Mesa/N. Shanahan 2016-07-19 0
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Mesa/N. Shanahan 2016-08-09 0
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Mt Sanitas Trail 2016-08-17 12
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Mt Sanitas Trail 2016-08-19 7
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Prairie Vista Trail 2016-07-06 0
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Realization Point TH 2016-09-04 2
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Sage TH 2016-08-06 0
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Sage TH 2016-09-02 7
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Sage Trail 2016-06-21 2
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Sanitas Valley Trail 2016-08-07 15
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Sanitas Valley Trail 2016-08-27 16
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Shadow Canyon North 2016-08-02 0
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Shanahan - South Fork Trail 2016-07-12 1
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Shanahan - South Fork Trail 2016-07-15 1
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Shanahan - South Fork Trail 2016-08-19 5
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Shanahan - South Fork Trail 2016-08-22 1
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Shanahan Connector 2016-06-25 6
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Shanahan Ridge 2016-07-02 8
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Shanahan Ridge 2016-07-23 13
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Skunk Canyon Trail 2016-07-19 0
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral South Boulder Creek at EBCC 2016-07-09 15
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral South Boulder Creek at EBCC 2016-08-29 3
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral South Boulder Creek West TH 2016-07-30 1
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral South Boulder Creek West TH 2016-08-11 2
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral South Boulder Creek West Trail 2016-07-13 2
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral South Boulder Creek West Trail 2016-08-04 2
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral South Boulder Creek West Trail 2016-08-16 0
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral South Boulder Creek West Trail 2016-08-28 0
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral South Mesa TH 2016-07-03 14
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral South Mesa TH 2016-07-26 5
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral South Mesa TH 2016-08-01 2
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral South Mesa Trail New 2016-09-02 1
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Sunshine Canyon Trail 2016-08-01 1
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Teller Farm TH 2016-08-24 2
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Teller Farm Trail 2016-07-20 3
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Teller Farm Trail 2016-07-21 1
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Upper Chautauqua Trail 2016-06-23 5
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Upper Chautauqua Trail 2016-06-26 4
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Viewpoint Trail 2016-06-23 2
2016 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Viewpoint Trail 2016-08-23 1
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Baseline/Bluebell-Baird 2018-10-29 10
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Bear Peak West Ridge/Bear Canyon 2018-06-05 1
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Bear Peak West Ridge/Bear Canyon 2018-06-30 8
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Bear Peak West Ridge/Bear Canyon 2018-07-09 1
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Bear Peak West Ridge/Bear Canyon 2018-08-12 2
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Bear Peak West Ridge/Bear Canyon 2018-10-18 1
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Boulder Creek Path - Foothills 2018-08-24 5
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Boulder Creek Path - Foothills 2018-09-18 3
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Boulder Creek Path - Foothills 2018-10-30 3
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Buckingham Park 2018-07-02 0
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Buckingham Park 2018-08-27 1
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Buckingham Park 2018-09-04 0
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Buckingham Park 2018-10-04 2
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Buckingham Park 2018-10-08 1
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Chapman Trail 2018-09-03 0
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Chapman Trail 2018-10-21 2
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Chapman Trail 2018-11-02 0
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Cherryvale TH 2018-08-19 2
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Cherryvale TH 2018-10-22 2
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Cherryvale TH 2018-10-27 0
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Cottontail Trail 2018-06-18 4
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Cottontail Trail 2018-07-17 6
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Cottontail Trail 2018-07-27 2
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Cottonwood TH 2018-06-02 4
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Cottonwood TH 2018-09-18 3
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Cottonwood TH 2018-10-06 8
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Cowdrey Draw 2018-06-22 0
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Dakota Ridge Trail 2018-08-01 15
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Dakota Ridge Trail 2018-08-03 8
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Dakota Ridge Trail 2018-08-16 4
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Dakota Ridge Trail 2018-09-19 8
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Doudy Draw TH 2018-07-16 2
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status East Boulder - Teller Lake ADA 2018-06-23 1
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status East Boulder - Teller Lake ADA 2018-07-20 1
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status East Boulder - Teller Lake ADA 2018-08-23 0
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status East Boulder - Teller Lake ADA 2018-08-26 3
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status East Boulder - Teller Lake ADA 2018-08-31 1
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Eldorado Canyon Trail 2018-07-10 0
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Eldorado Canyon Trail 2018-08-20 1
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Eldorado Canyon Trail 2018-09-25 0
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Eldorado Canyon Trail 2018-09-27 0
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Foothills South/Old Kiln 2018-09-07 11
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Foothills South/Old Kiln 2018-09-30 12
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Fowler Trail 2018-06-03 9
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Fowler Trail 2018-06-12 0
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Fowler Trail 2018-07-01 1
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Green Mountain West Ridge/Green Bear 2018-10-13 0
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status High Plains Trail 2018-07-21 2
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status High Plains Trail 2018-08-05 1
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status High Plains Trail 2018-10-01 0
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status High Plains Trail 2018-10-31 0
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Lefthand Trail 2018-10-18 1
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Lefthand Trailhead 2018-06-27 0
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Lefthand Trailhead 2018-07-19 1
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Lefthand Trailhead 2018-08-10 1
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Lefthand Trailhead 2018-09-16 0
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Lefthand Trailhead 2018-09-20 0
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Lefthand Trailhead 2018-10-07 4
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Lost Gulch Trail 2018-06-07 0
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Lost Gulch Trail 2018-06-11 0
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Lost Gulch Trail 2018-07-28 0
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Lost Gulch Trail 2018-07-30 3
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Old Mesa Trail 2018-06-01 0
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Old Mesa Trail 2018-10-23 0
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Post Office Access 2018-06-21 0
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Post Office Access 2018-06-22 0
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Post Office Access 2018-07-03 0
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Post Office Access 2018-09-06 1
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Post Office Access 2018-09-11 0
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Sage TH 2018-10-10 4
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status South Boulder Creek Greenway 2018-05-30 6
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Spring Brook Loop North 2018-08-30 1
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Tenderfoot Leash Trail 2018-07-04 0
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Tenderfoot Leash Trail 2018-09-05 0
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Tenderfoot Leash Trail 2018-10-09 1
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Wonderland Lake TH 2018-09-02 20
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Wonderland Lake TH 2018-09-21 12
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Wonderland Lake TH 2018-09-22 27
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Wonderland Lake Trail 2018-05-28 7
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Wonderland Lake Trail 2018-06-24 11
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status Wonderland Lake Trail 2018-10-28 17
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Amphitheater Trail 2018-08-29 5
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Amphitheater Trail 2018-09-25 8
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Amphitheater Trail 2018-09-29 2
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Amphitheater Trail 2018-10-02 1
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Amphitheater Trail 2018-10-11 1
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Amphitheater Trail 2018-10-30 0
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Baseline/Bluebell-Baird 2018-08-15 11
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Baseline/Bluebell-Baird 2018-08-30 4
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Baseline/Bluebell-Baird 2018-09-06 6
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Baseline/Bluebell-Baird 2018-09-16 9
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Baseline/Bluebell-Baird 2018-09-23 12
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Doudy Draw Trail 2018-08-18 3
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Doudy Draw Trail 2018-09-08 0
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Doudy Draw Trail 2018-09-15 0
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Doudy Draw Trail 2018-09-20 0
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Doudy Draw Trail 2018-09-21 0
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Doudy Draw Trail 2018-09-27 2
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Doudy Draw Trail 2018-10-19 3
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Greenbelt Plateau Trail 2018-06-04 0
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Greenbelt Plateau Trail 2018-06-11 0
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Greenbelt Plateau Trail 2018-06-16 0
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Greenbelt Plateau Trail 2018-06-17 0
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Greenbelt Plateau Trail 2018-06-26 0
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Greenbelt Plateau Trail 2018-07-01 0
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Greenbelt Plateau Trail 2018-07-29 2
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Saddle Rock Trail 2018-08-23 1
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Saddle Rock Trail 2018-08-24 3
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Saddle Rock Trail 2018-09-01 5
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Saddle Rock Trail 2018-09-17 4
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Saddle Rock Trail 2018-09-30 7
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Saddle Rock Trail 2018-10-04 4
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Saddle Rock Trail 2018-10-09 2
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Saddle Rock Trail 2018-10-15 4
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Saddle Rock Trail 2018-10-28 19
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Saddle Rock Trail 2018-11-01 1
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Skunk Canyon Trail 2018-08-16 2
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Skunk Canyon Trail 2018-08-17 5
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Skunk Canyon Trail 2018-08-20 5
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Skunk Canyon Trail 2018-09-03 7
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Skunk Canyon Trail 2018-09-19 3
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Skunk Canyon Trail 2018-09-26 7
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Skunk Canyon Trail 2018-10-13 7
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Skunk Canyon Trail 2018-10-24 5
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Skunk Canyon Trail 2018-10-27 9
2018 Seasonal Leash - Leash Status Skunk Canyon Trail 2018-10-31 2
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Anemone Trail 2018-06-03 10
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Bluebell - Baird Trail 2018-07-10 3
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Bluebell - Baird Trail 2018-08-02 2
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Bluebell - Baird Trail 2018-09-16 5
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Bluebell - Baird Trail 2018-10-13 2
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Bluebell Road 2018-09-25 8
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Bluebell Road 2018-09-27 9
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Bobolink Trail New 2018-06-05 11
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Bobolink Trail New 2018-07-24 18
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Centennial Greenway 2018-06-12 0
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Centennial Greenway 2018-07-27 0
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Centennial Greenway 2018-10-11 0
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Centennial Greenway 2018-10-13 9
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Centennial TH 2018-09-07 3
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Chapman TH 2018-07-20 0
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Chapman TH 2018-10-01 1
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Chapman Trail 2018-10-16 1
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Chapman Trail 2018-11-02 1
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Coal Seam Trail 2018-08-03 3
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Cottonwood Trail 2018-08-07 5
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Crown Rock TH 2018-08-18 0
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Crown Rock TH 2018-09-18 0
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Crown Rock TH 2018-10-21 0
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Crown Rock Trail 2018-07-18 0
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Dakota Ridge Trail 2018-08-16 18
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Degge Trail 2018-09-10 2
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Doudy Draw TH 2018-06-11 4
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Doudy Draw/Community Ditch New 2018-07-19 1
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Doudy Draw/Community Ditch New 2018-07-21 0
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Dry Creek Trail New 2018-07-21 10
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Eagle TH 2018-09-03 1
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Eagle TH 2018-10-31 5
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral East Ridge Trail 2018-10-22 9
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Fern Meadow - Cragmoor Trail 2018-08-04 6
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Fern Meadow - Cragmoor Trail 2018-09-30 14
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Flagstaff Trail 2018-10-12 0
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Flatirons Vista Trail 2018-06-30 0
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Flatirons Vista Trail 2018-10-18 0
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Foothills TH New 2018-07-09 0
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Foothills Trail 2018-06-22 1
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Foothills Trail 2018-09-21 0
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Four Pines TH 2018-09-18 3
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Four Pines TH 2018-10-20 6
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Four Pines Trail 2018-06-20 6
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Four Pines Trail 2018-10-12 0
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Fourmile Creek Greenway 2018-06-23 2
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Greenbelt Plateau TH 2018-10-02 2
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Greenbelt Plateau Trail 2018-06-06 0
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Greenbelt Plateau Trail 2018-07-03 0
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Greenbelt Plateau Trail 2018-07-12 0
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Gregory Canyon Trail 2018-08-23 1
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Gregory Canyon Trail 2018-10-30 1
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Gunbarrel TH 2018-09-28 4
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Hidden Valley Trail 2018-09-04 0
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Homestead Trail 2018-08-31 3
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Homestead Trail 2018-10-28 14
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Lehigh Connector - South Trail 2018-07-28 4
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Lehigh Connector - South Trail 2018-08-30 9
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Lehigh Connector - South Trail 2018-10-17 2
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Mallory Cave Trail 2018-07-30 0
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Mallory Cave Trail 2018-09-05 0
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Mallory Cave Trail 2018-09-17 1
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Marshall Mesa TH 2018-09-11 4
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Marshall Mesa Trail 2018-08-09 0
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Marshall Mesa Trail 2018-09-13 2
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Marshall Valley Trail 2018-09-15 1
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Mesa Reservoir Trail 2018-06-29 1
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Mesa Reservoir Trail 2018-08-12 1
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Mesa/Enchanted Mesa 2018-07-18 5
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Mesa/Enchanted Mesa 2018-08-07 2
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Mesa/Enchanted Mesa 2018-09-10 12
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Mt Sanitas Trail 2018-06-25 6
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Mt Sanitas Trail 2018-08-27 1
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral North Rim Trail 2018-07-21 7
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral North Rim Trail 2018-08-05 7
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral North Rim Trail 2018-08-28 4
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral RangeView Trail 2018-10-27 0
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Realization Point TH 2018-10-24 3
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Red Rocks Trail New 2018-06-02 5
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Red Rocks Trail New 2018-11-05 2
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Royal Arch Trail 2018-06-16 0
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Sage Trail 2018-06-26 3
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Sage Trail 2018-10-04 0
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Sage Trail 2018-10-23 6
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Sanitas Valley Trail 2018-05-29 13
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Sanitas Valley Trail 2018-07-22 21
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Sanitas Valley Trail 2018-08-24 7
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Shadow Canyon North 2018-08-19 4
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Shadow Canyon North 2018-09-02 1
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Shanahan Connector 2018-05-30 5
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Shanahan Connector 2018-10-03 8
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Shanahan Ridge 2018-06-27 0
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Shanahan Ridge 2018-07-01 16
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Shanahan Ridge 2018-09-07 10
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Skunk Canyon Trail 2018-06-09 6
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral South Boulder Creek at EBCC 2018-06-25 14
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral South Boulder Creek West TH 2018-06-19 6
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral South Boulder Creek West TH 2018-08-20 2
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral South Boulder Creek West Trail 2018-08-29 5
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral South Mesa TH 2018-09-17 2
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Sunshine Canyon Trail 2018-06-07 4
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Sunshine Canyon Trail 2018-10-08 3
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Teller Farm TH 2018-09-23 1
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Teller Farm Trail 2018-06-01 0
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Teller Farm Trail 2018-07-04 1
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Teller Farm Trail 2018-08-31 2
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Tenderfoot Trail 2018-08-10 0
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Upper Chautauqua Trail 2018-10-09 0
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Ute Trail 2018-06-21 0
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Ute Trail 2018-10-06 1
2018 Voice and Sight - Behavioral Viewpoint Trail 2018-07-02 1
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Amphitheater Trail 2018-06-28 0
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Amphitheater Trail 2018-08-21 3
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Anemone Trail 2018-06-20 4
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Bobolink Trail New 2018-07-06 28
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Centennial TH 2018-07-06 2
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Centennial TH 2018-08-09 7
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Chapman TH 2018-09-12 0
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Chapman Trail 2018-07-14 0
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Chapman Trail 2018-08-01 0
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Coal Seam Trail 2018-06-14 1
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Coal Seam Trail 2018-09-05 3
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Cobalt Trail 2018-06-06 2
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Cottonwood Trail 2018-10-15 4
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Crown Rock TH 2018-10-03 0
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Degge Trail 2018-07-13 1
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Degge Trail 2018-10-02 4
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Dry Creek Trail New 2018-06-19 29
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Eagle Shelter 2018-08-21 3
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Eagle TH 2018-08-01 5
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status East Ridge Trail 2018-09-05 8
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Fern Canyon Trail 2018-09-10 0
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Foothills Trail 2018-06-04 2
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Four Pines TH 2018-10-17 7
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Four Pines Trail 2018-09-14 1
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Fourmile Creek Greenway 2018-07-14 8
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Fourmile Creek Greenway 2018-08-28 7
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Fourmile Creek Greenway 2018-09-14 20
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Greenbelt Plateau TH 2018-06-10 2
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Greenbelt Plateau Trail 2018-08-06 0
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Gunbarrel TH 2018-06-09 0
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Gunbarrel TH 2018-09-22 8
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Gunbarrel Trail 2018-07-08 7
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Hidden Valley Trail 2018-06-10 0
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Hidden Valley Trail 2018-10-10 0
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Homestead Trail 2018-08-22 11
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Lehigh Connector - South Trail 2018-06-17 13
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Marshall Mesa Trail 2018-05-31 1
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Marshall Mesa Trail 2018-06-07 1
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Marshall Mesa Trail 2018-06-08 2
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Marshall Valley Trail 2018-07-11 5
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Marshall Valley Trail 2018-10-03 2
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Mesa/Enchanted Mesa 2018-07-22 8
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Mt Sanitas Trail 2018-07-15 6
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status North Rim Trail 2018-08-15 11
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status North Rim Trail 2018-10-10 6
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status RangeView Trail 2018-06-05 0
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status RangeView Trail 2018-08-11 0
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status RangeView Trail 2018-09-12 3
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Realization Point TH 2018-07-07 14
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Saddle Rock Trail 2018-11-02 4
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Sage TH 2018-06-13 7
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Sage Trail 2018-06-15 10
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Shanahan Connector 2018-10-20 33
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status South Boulder Creek at EBCC 2018-09-12 9
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status South Boulder Creek West Trail 2018-08-06 2
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Teller Farm TH 2018-08-08 10
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Teller Farm TH 2018-08-21 7
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Teller Farm TH 2018-10-05 6
2018 Voice and Sight - Leash Status Upper Chautauqua Trail 2018-05-31 20

3.2.2 Visitor Group Composition

Every observation component included collection of basic visitor group information including group size and activity type along with information about the number of dogs.

Looking at activity distribution we can see that hikers were the most frequently observed visitor groups, followed by runners. This information is presented both in bar char (Figure 3.3) and tabular form (Table 3.3) below.

Bar Chart

The number of visitor groups observed within each monitoring type for each year.

Figure 3.3: The number of visitor groups observed within each monitoring type for each year.

Tabular

Table 3.3: Number of visitor groups observed by session type and monitoring year
Year Type Hiker Runner Biker Equestrian Other
2014 Permanent Leash - Leash Status 190 31 2 1 0
Seasonal Leash - Leash Status 9 4 1 0 0
Voice and Sight - Behavioral 255 48 6 1 0
2016 Permanent Leash - Leash Status 275 48 2 0 1
Seasonal Leash - Leash Status 188 20 1 0 0
Voice and Sight - Behavioral 293 40 3 1 0
2018 Permanent Leash - Leash Status 226 41 1 0 0
Seasonal Leash - Leash Status 149 20 2 0 0
Voice and Sight - Behavioral 355 57 9 3 1
Voice and Sight - Leash Status 306 44 4 2 1

Looking at the distribution of the number of off-leash dogs per visitor group by year, we can see that the majority of visitor groups have one or two dogs in the group.

Table 3.4: Distribution of the number of off-leash dogs per visitor group.
Visitor Groups
Dogs
Year Dogs in group Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
2014 1 236 76% 236 59%
2 60 19% 120 30%
3 11 4% 33 8%
4 3 1% 12 3%
2016 1 260 77% 260 61%
2 67 20% 134 32%
3 10 3% 30 7%
2018 1 343 81% 343 66%
2 72 17% 144 28%
3 9 2% 27 5%
4 1 0% 4 1%

3.3 Voice and Sight Compliance

Compliance with Voice and Sight regulations can broadly be broken into two categories of measures. The first are categorical measures, which are measures that can directly assessed and are unambiguously explicit in their compliance outcome. Categorical measures were evaluated by constructing logic evaluations that look for the presence or absence of certain values that would indicate non-compliance. For example, IF a visitor group has 1 or more off-leash dogs with no tag THEN the group is non-compliant.

The second type of compliance measures are the contextual measures, which are the behaviors assessed when a dog interacts with another group (people, dogs, wildlife, livestock) on the trail or when the guardian issues a command to the dog that requires a behavioral response. Contextual measures were evaluated once data collection was completed by assembling a panel of staff that included at least one project researcher, Voice and Sight program staff, and a law enforcement ranger. When evaluating contextual measures, staff would consider the type and sequence of behaviors displayed by the dog under observation, the response of the “other” group, and the response by the guardian (e.g. control attempt). Following is a list of the categorical and contextual measures that have been reported for the Voice and Sight component.

Categorical

Contextual

3.3.1 Categorical Measures

3.3.1.1 Tag display

For tag display, staff observed between 310 and 425 visitor groups depending on the year as part of the Voice and Sight component. A visitor party was considered compliant if all off-leash dogs in the party had a tag visibly displayed. A visitor party was considered Non-Compliant if at least one off-leash dog in the party did not have a tag visibly displayed. A visitor party was considered unsure if at least one off-leash dog had unsure tag display (and the party did not also include a no tag display dog).

In 2014 compliance was 69% (95% CI, 64 to 74), dipped slightly in 2016 to 56% (95% CI, 51 to 61) and then increase in 2018 to 82% (95% CI, 78 to 85) (Table 3.5). For the tag display component, observers noted a number of visitor parties where they could not definitively confirm the presence or absence of a tag and thus recorded the tag status as unsure. In these instances, visitor parties were only reported as unsure if the observer was unable to confirm tag presence or absence. If there were any no tag dogs in the visitor party, the party was evaluated as noncompliant.

Table 3.5: Visitor group compliance with tag display for all off-leash dogs.
Compliant
Non Compliant
Unsure
Year Frequency Percent Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
2014 215 69% 62 20% 33 11%
2016 190 56% 67 20% 80 24%
2018 348 82% 53 12% 24 6%

We can also view tag display for off leash dogs by individual dog. Because the majority of visitor groups only had one dog with them (Table 3.4) the percentage for tag display by individual dog (Table 3.6) are similar to overall group level compliance.

Table 3.6: Individual dog compliance with tag display for for all off-leash dogs
Compliant
Non Compliant
Unsure
Year Frequency Percent Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
2014 286 71% 72 18% 43 11%
2016 246 58% 78 18% 100 24%
2018 431 83% 57 11% 30 6%

Between the randomization of location selection across years (Table 2.1) and the variable number of visitor groups observed during each session, many sessions have low sample sizes (n < 10). However, we can look at the range of compliance across locations to get some sense of variability by plotting compliance percentages for any locations that did have at lest 10 total visitor group observations within a given year. Figure 3.4 below shows the distribution of compliance (dots) along with the median compliance rate (red line) for each year.

Plot has been filtered to only include locations with >= 10 visitor groups observed for that sample year. Red line is the median compliance rate for each year.

Figure 3.4: Plot has been filtered to only include locations with >= 10 visitor groups observed for that sample year. Red line is the median compliance rate for each year.

3.3.1.2 Dog to guardian ratio

Compliance with the requirement for no more than two off-leash dogs per guardian looks at the number of groups with three or more off-leash dogs and assesses whether or not there were enough adult guardians present (Table 3.7). Because the observer cannot attribute guardianship of dogs to specific people in the visitor group, compliance was evaluated by comparing the ratio of off-leash dogs to number of adult persons in the visitor group, which was recorded as a separate variable on the data sheet.

The number of groups with more than two off-leash dogs is small to begin with (Table 3.4) so compliance with this measure is high (98% for greater) when considering the number of visitor groups observed (with at least one off-leash dog). If we subset the observations to include only groups that had three or more off-leash dogs, compliance ranges between 30% and 60%.

Table 3.7: Visitor group compliance with no more than two dogs off-leash per adult guardian.
Visitor Groups
Percent Compliance
Year Total > 2 dogs Violations All Groups > 2 dogs
2014 310 14 7 98% 50%
2016 337 10 4 99% 60%
2018 425 10 7 98% 30%

3.3.1.3 Within sight

The within sight measure was defined as whether or not the dog(s) in a visitor party are not within the immediate 360° field of view of the guardian(s) at all times. This measure does not assess if the guardian is actively looking at their dog(s) but rather if the dog(s) became physically obscured from the guardians position by vegetation or terrain. Compliance for this measure ranged between 93% and 99% for all three monitoring years (Table 3.8).

Table 3.8: Number and compliance outcomes with the out-of-sight regulation at the visitor group level.
Visitor Groups
Year Total Violation Compliance
2014 310 21 93%
2016 337 8 98%
2018 425 5 99%

3.3.1.4 Not entering closed areas

When visitor groups were on Voice and Sight trails that were adjacent to area closures, such as grassland nesting bird closures, observers recorded whether or not any of the event took place within the area closure. This was defined as the dog traveling greater than 10 ft from the edge of the trail into the closure zone. If no specific opportunity was present but the dog entered the closure area, this was considered an isolated event trigger and the closure entry was noted. Compliance on this measure ranged between 93% and 100% (Table 3.9).

The sample size for this measure was low, due to the limited number of Voice and Sight trails that are adjacent to area closures. In 2016, only five visitor groups were observed on trails adjacent to closed areas. The sample size for 2018 was larger, with 31 visitor groups observed. Two visitor groups had at least one occurrence of a dog entering the closed area, resulting in an overall compliance rate of 93% (95% CI, 78 to 98). Trails through many area closures either have permanent leash requirements or change from voice and sight to leash required as part of a seasonal leash requirement.

Table 3.9: Number and compliance outcomes with the not entering closed areas regulation at the visitor group level.
Visitor Groups
Year Total Violation Compliance
2014 23 1 96%
2016 5 0 100%
2018 29 2 93%
Note:
Only includes visitor groups that were adjacent to area closures

3.3.1.5 Excrement pickup and removal

Excrement pickup and removal is not a part of the Voice and Sight code specifically but it was included since it is a general requirement for all dogs on open space properties and the observational methods were well suited to recording it when it did occur. The majority of dogs in visitor groups did not have any poop events while under observation but for those that did, compliance with the requirement for guardians to both bag and take the excrement with them ranged between 58% and 79%.

Table 3.10: Number and compliance outcomes with the pick up and remove (take) dog excrement requirement at the visitor group level.
Visitor Groups
Year Total Violation Compliance
2014 26 8 69%
2016 19 8 58%
2018 28 6 79%
Note:
Only includes visitor groups with dogs that had one or more poop events

3.3.2 Contextual Measures

3.3.2.1 Person and dog interactions

There are several variables that go into evaluating compliance outcomes for interactions between the dog(s) in the visitor group under observation and other visitor groups. To begin with, we must determine if there were any events, as not every visitor group observed necessarily had opportunities to interact with other visitor groups while under observation. For those groups that do have opportunities for interactions, the opportunities can be combination of other people, dogs, wildlife or livestock. When an opportunity was observed, it could either result in a pass, where the dog(s) under observation didn’t engage in behaviors of interest or it could result in an interaction, where behaviors of interest did take place.

Determining whether or not an interaction event was non-compliant (violation) requires evaluation of additional context variables including behaviors for the dog(s) under observation (Figure 2.2), response behaviors from the other visitor group (Figure 2.3) and finally voice or other control attempts by the dog guardian under observation. There are numerous options for how we could group all these variables together into a single table of compliance outcomes. However, while the results would all be technically correct based on the evaluative logic we think that trying to evaluate all the variables makes the results difficult to interpret in terms of generalization to what one might “see” when out on the trails. Therefore, we have broken down the analysis based on the following questions.

  • What proportion of visitor groups had event opportunities while under observation?
    • How many visitor groups had a non-compliant dog behavior or guardian command attempt during an event?
  • What is the breakdown of the types of event opportunities that were observed?
    • What proportion of these opportunities resulted in passes vs interactions?
    • What were the compliance outcomes by type of event opportunity and for those that were violations, what were the non-compliance reasons?
Group-level stats

Groups with events

We can begin by evaluating the first question What proportion of visitor groups had event opportunities while under observation? (Table 3.11)

Table 3.11: Proportion of visitor groups with one or more events.
Visitor Groups
Year Total With Events Percent with Events
2014 310 176 57%
2016 337 192 57%
2018 425 197 46%

Behavioral compliance

Next, we can look at group-level by evaluating first whether a group had an opportunities for events and if they did, were any of those events non-compliant, regardless of what the opportunity type was (Table 3.12). This is also the most stringent test as any non-compliant event for the group will result in an overall group-level evaluation of non-compliant. The two reasons (based on the monitoring methodology) that an event will evaluate to non-compliant is either that the dog(s) under observation engaged in a non-compliant behavior (e.g. aggression, chasing wildlife) or failed to respond to a command issued by the dog guardian (voice or alternate command). For the purposes of this report, we are using the following definitions when distinguishing between dog behaviors and guardian commands:

dog behavior –the categorical behavior(s) exhibited by the dog under observation toward another visitor group, dog, livestock or wildlife
guardian command – a verbal or alternative command issued by the dog guardian for the purpose of eliciting a change in behavior on the part of the dog

These tables below, which have been separated for dog behaviors and guardian commands, give us the probability of observing a compliant or non-compliant event for a visitor group within an observation zone. We can start with the dog behavior table since conceptually, this measure is a little more straightforward than the guardian command measure. In the case of dog behaviors, so long as there were no non-compliant behaviors observed during an event, the event evaluates to compliant. Whether the dog was disinclined to engage in the behavior on their own or the guardian intervened with a command before the dog carried out the behavior (resulting in an avoidance of the behavior), what matters for the dog behavior measure is that the behavior was avoided.

Table 3.12: Behavioral compliance outcomes for visitor groups that had at least one event opportunity.
Year Compliant Noncompliant
2014 81.1% 18.9%
2016 98.4% 1.6%
2018 99.4% 0.6%

Command compliance

Evaluating guardian commands is analytically similar to evaluating dog behaviors but has caveat that commands can only be evaluated when they are given. Unlike dog behavior, were any visitor group that had at least one event opportunity could be evaluated on the dog behavior compliance measure, not all visitor groups necessarily issued a command when one or more events occurred (Table 3.13). Therefore, we need to add an additional category for No Command Issued, indicating that there were event opportunities for the visitor group under observation but they never issued any commands that could be evaluated for compliance (i.e. successful dog response). The fact that no command was issued when one or more events occurred for a visitor group should not be interpreted as any level of evaluation on whether or not a command should have been issued. To be clear, this table is an evaluation of what IS and not what SHOULD BE.

Table 3.13: Voice recall compliance outcomes for visitor groups that had at least one event opportunity.
Year Compliant Noncompliant No Command Issued
2014 20.9% 7.4% 71.6%
2016 16.1% 5.7% 78.1%
2018 20.4% 6.0% 73.7%
Event-level stats

To evaluate the types of events that do take place, we can ignore (filter out) the visitor groups that did not have any events and then categorize the event type based on what the opportunity was composed of. After categorizing the event, we looked at whether or not the event had a dog behavior violation, a guardian command violation, or both (Table 3.14). A couple of important things to remember are that commands could only be evaluated for compliance if they were given and that a single visitor group can have multiple events while under observation. Sometimes commands were given by the dog guardian in the absence of any opportunity. These were recorded as Isolated command events but are excluded from this table since they are not linked to specific opportunities (they are included in the Voice Recall section). There were also a number of events where the dog under observation approached the observer. These were categorized as Observer events to distinguish them from Person or Person & Dog events, which involved other visitor groups on the trail.

Table 3.14: Frequency of events by opportunity type and compliance outcomes.
No Violation
Violation
Year Opportunity Pass Interaction Behavior Command Both Compliance
2014 Dog 7 16 5 3 0 74%
Person 101 12 3 0 1 97%
Person & Dog 11 8 8 1 1 66%
Wildlife/Livestock 3 2 5 0 2 42%
Observer 12 5 8 1 1 63%
2016 Dog 1 0 0 0 0 100%
Person 129 37 0 2 0 99%
Person & Dog 34 28 1 3 0 94%
Wildlife/Livestock 2 1 1 0 1 60%
Observer 1 8 0 2 1 75%
2018 Dog 0 1 0 0 0 100%
Person 96 15 0 0 0 100%
Person & Dog 26 27 0 2 0 96%
Wildlife/Livestock 1 0 1 0 0 50%
Observer 5 22 0 7 0 79%

3.3.2.2 Voice commands

The event-level stats above (Table 3.14 included voice commands that were considered to be recall events and whether or not those resulted in a noncompliant event. We can evaluate overall visitor group compliance for recall commands by considering whether or not any of the recall commands issued by a group were noncompliant. If they were, then the visitor group was considered to be noncompliant on the voice recall measure (Table 3.15).

Table 3.15: Visitor group compliance with successful recall for all recall commands issued.
Compliant
Noncompliant
Year Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
2014 44 77% 13 23%
2016 17 63% 10 37%
2018 43 78% 12 22%

However, there are other types of commands or spoken exchanges between guardians and dogs, which may or may not be intended as recall attempts on the part of the guardian. Table 3.16 below shows compliance rates broken out by year, command type, and the type of opportunity that was present when the guardian issued a command.

Table 3.16: Visitor group compliance for all commands issued by opportunity type.
Year Command Type Opportunity No Violation Violation Compliance
2014 other Pass 7 1 88%
Interaction 13 5 72%
Isolated 11 5 69%
recall Pass 3 1 75%
Interaction 14 4 78%
Isolated 31 9 78%
2016 other Pass 7 1 88%
Interaction 10 2 83%
Isolated 1 0 100%
recall Pass 6 1 86%
Interaction 10 9 53%
Isolated 1 0 100%
2018 other Pass 8 0 100%
Interaction 10 1 91%
Isolated 16 0 100%
recall Pass 5 1 83%
Interaction 14 8 64%
Isolated 26 3 90%

3.4 Leash Status

In addition to conducting behavioral observation for Voice and Sight trail, staff also conducted observations on leash and tag status on all trails that allowed dogs. This component differed from the behavioral observation in that it was conducted as a simple line transect across the trail and did not include any coding of behaviors. Rather, it was designed to collect a census of all visitor groups with at least one dog, including a breakdown of group size, activity and the leash and tag status of any dogs in the group.

There were two types of leash required trail regulation classes included in the monitoring program, permanent and seasonally leash required. For both of these regulation classes, compliance require that the visitor group have all dogs on leash, regardless of whether or not they have a Voice and Sight tag. However, in 2018 we also implemented this monitoring component on Voice and Sight trails so that we could assess the leash and tag compliance of all visitor groups with a dog who visit Voice and Sight trails, not just those groups that had an off leash dog. For permanent leash required trails, overall compliance has ranged between 76% and 83% for the three monitoring year. Seasonally leash required trails have had lower overall levels of compliance, ranging from 56% to 62%. We only have data for 2018 for Voice and Sight trails, but the overall compliance with leash and tag regulations was the highest observed at 89% for all visitor groups with dogs.

Table 3.17: Visitor group compliance with leash and tag regulations for all groups with at least one dog.
Compliant
Noncompliant
Unsure
Type Year Frequency Percent Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Permanent Leash 2014 187 83% 37 17% NA NA
2016 248 76% 78 24% NA NA
2018 214 80% 54 20% NA NA
Seasonal Leash 2014 8 57% 6 43% NA NA
2016 130 62% 79 38% NA NA
2018 96 56% 75 44% NA NA
Voice and Sight 2018 317 89% 23 6% 17 5%

While Table 3.17 shows that compliance differs among regulation class, we can also look at ranges of compliance within a regulations class. We started by filtering out any locations with fewer than 10 total observations within a given year to account for locations with small sample sizes. Plotting compliance rates using a boxplot can give us a sense of both the range of compliance rates across trails as well as how those compliance rates are distributed within that range (Figure 3.5). Permanent leash regulation trails have a median compliance of 86% but also have a wide range of around 57% to 100% (excluding the two outliers). Voice and Sight trails have a similar median compliance at around 90% but a narrower range of around 71% to 100%. Seasonal leash regulation trails have the lowest compliance rates with a median of 57% and a range of 41% to 73%.

Compliance ranges and distribution by regulation class for leash and tag regulations

Figure 3.5: Compliance ranges and distribution by regulation class for leash and tag regulations

While compliance is dependent on the visitor group following the applicable leash and tag regulations for all dogs in their group we can also look at the proportional breakout by individual dogs for leash and tag status. Table 3.18 below can start to give us a sense of the interaction among regulation class (Type), leash status and tag status. For example, for permanent leash required trails, between 10% and 12% of off leash dogs had a Voice and Sight tag while between 5% and 8% of off leash dogs did not have a tag. Seasonal leash trails on the other hand had much more variability over the three monitoring years for whether off leash dogs were more likely to have a Voice and Sight tag of not. The most recent data from the 2018 cycle suggests that for off leash dogs, there were about 4 times (30%) as many dogs with a tag as those without (8%).

Table 3.18: Proportion of all individual dogs observed by leash and tag status for each trail regulation class.
Leashed
Off Leash
Type Year Tag No Tag Unsure Tag No Tag Unsure
Permanent Leash 2014 28% 51% 4% 12% 5% 1%
2016 17% 46% 14% 10% 8% 6%
2018 38% 37% 6% 12% 5% 1%
Seasonal Leash 2014 19% 24% 5% 10% 24% 19%
2016 12% 42% 11% 12% 16% 7%
2018 37% 19% 3% 30% 8% 4%
Voice and Sight 2018 17% 20% 2% 50% 6% 5%

The final result worth pointing out is the proportional breakout for dogs on Voice and Sight trails, which prior to 2018 we were not able to estimate through any observational data. Based on these results, about 61% of dogs on Voice and Sight trails are off leash. For dogs that were on leash, a similar percentage (17%) had Voice and Sight Tags as those that didn’t (20%). It is also worth noting that we were able to cross-validate the tag percentages for the behavioral component of Voice and Sight monitoring by filtering the leash status data to only include visitor groups with at least one off leash dog. There were no statistical differences in the proportion of tag status between these two datasets, indicating that staff were able to effectively identify tag presence even when sitting further away from the trail during behavioral observation sessions

4 Discussion

The Tag Program monitoring structure is designed to assess compliance with dog regulations across the OSMP system. Observations for the voice and sight, permanent leash required, and seasonal leash required components were conducted at randomly selected locations and times across the system in the spring/summer of 2014, 2016 and 2018 (Figure 3.2). While the sample sizes obtained for most measures are adequate to evaluate system-wide compliance, they are too small to calculate statistically confident site-specific compliance for individual locations.

4.1 Voice and Sight

Primary components of the Voice and Sight Tag Program include tag display, dog to guardian ratios, keeping dogs within sight, non-aggressive behaviors, voice and sight recall, and not chasing wildlife. Each of these components vary in both level of occurrence on the system and compliance outcomes. The Voice and Sight Compliance section presents results in terms of categorical and contextual measured. However, it may also be helpful to think about measures in terms of administrative compliance versus skills based compliance.

Tag compliance, which is an administrative measure (not based on guardians skill/ability to control their dog) has been the largest source of noncompliance for the Voice and Sight component across all three monitoring years. It has ranged from around 69% in 2014 (95% CI, 64 to 74) to a low of 56% in 2016 (95% CI, 51 to 61) and then increase in 2018 to 82% (95% CI, 78 to 85) (Table 3.5). If we consider these figures as ratios instead of percentages, this means that in 2018 about 1 in 5 visitor groups had at least one off leash dog without a voice and sight tag. The lack of tag display may be attributed to any number of factors including guardians who have never participated in the program or guardians who have participated but have lost or not replaced their tags.

Compliance rates for skills based measures however are generally higher overall but are also slightly more variable depending on how they are framed. Not all skills based measures could be evaluated for every visitor group. Some measures, such as entering a closed area, could only be assessed for visitor groups when they were proximate to an area closure. Similarly, voice recall commands could only be assessed if they were issued by the dog guardian. The compliance outcomes for these types of measures can vary greatly depending on whether we evaluate compliance by considering the frequency of noncompliant events among all visitor groups observed or among only those groups that had an opportunity to be assess (e.g. issued a voice command). For both voice recall and entering closed areas, the compliance has been reported based on only the subset of visitor groups that had an opportunity to be assessed on that measure. This offers the best representation of expected compliance outcomes for when these situations are present.

On the other hand, evaluating dog behaviors related to pass or interactions opportunities could be assessed whenever a pass or interaction event occurred. At the visitor group level, compliance for behavioral measures has increased year over year from a low of 81% in 2014 to 98% in 2016 and 99% in 2018 (Table 3.12). When considering the not charging, chasing, or harassing people or dogs measure, it should be noted that this measure was evaluated based on the displayed behaviors of the dog in the party under observation and the response behaviors of the receiving party. When observing responses from people or dogs in the receiving party, staff recorded any clear verbal or physical protests or avoidance to the initiating dog. These behaviors were considered in context by the review panel and were used in the determination of behavioral compliance for the event. To maintain a high degree of objectivity, if clear verbal or physical behaviors were not demonstrated by people or dogs in the receiving party, staff did not attempt to make any interpretation about how the receiving party perceived the interaction.

Two skills based components of potential concern include chasing wildlife and voice commands. For each of these components, the compliance rates have been reported only for visitor parties that had an opportunity to demonstrate compliance with each measure. For chasing wildlife, the main concern is that the probability of wildlife being present at most voice and sight observations sessions is low and only a couple of locations are adjacent to localized populations such as prarie dogs. This means that the potential of observing dog-wildlife interactions was extremely low, with only 12, 5, and 2 events observed in 2014, 106 and 2018, respectively. In other words, while the sample methodolgy for this monitoring effort provide broad and unbiuased coverage of the OSMP system as a whole, wildlife opportunites appear to be highly localized and were captured very infrequently as a result. Simmilarly, voice commands could only be evaluated when they were issued but they did have the highest rate of noncompliance at the visitor group level among all skill based measures at 77% in 2014, 63% in 2016 and 78% in 2018.

4.2 Permanent Leash Required

The permanent leash required component has had a relatively stable compliance rate across all three monitoring cycles, ranging from a high of 83% in 2014 (95% CI, – to –) to a low of 76% in 2016 (95% CI, – to –) and in the middle at 80% in 2018 (95% CI, – to –). These percentages, including sample frequencies are available in Table 3.17.

4.3 Seasonal Leash Required

The seasonal leash required component had a somewhat more variable compliance rate across all three monitoring cycles, ranging from a high of 62% in 2016 (95% CI, – to –) to a low of 56% in 2018 (95% CI, – to –) and simmilarly low at 57% in 2014 (95% CI, – to –). It should be noted that 2014 had a low sample size of only 14 visitor groups while 2016 (n = 209) and 2018 (n = 171) were much higher. These percentages, including sample frequencies are available in Table 3.17. 2018 is the only monitoring year that includes both spring grassland nesting and fall bear closures in the same monitoring year (Figure 3.2.

5 Future Research Recommendations

The following research insights and recommendations are intended to serve as reflection and guidance on how to approach compliance monitoring from an operational perspective going forward. The purpose of this monitoring report is to provide a systematic and data driven assessment of current regulation compliance conditions for certain aspects of dog management on OSMP lands. The need for future monitoring will be evaluated separately as part of the wider program recommendations.

The first insight is that while this monitoring effort has successfully provided comprehensive and robust data to describe the regulatory compliance for dog management (on trails where dogs are allowed) for OSMP overall, it is not necessarily optimized for detecting and describing low frequency or geographically localized behaviors, such as wildlife interactions. When the Voice and Sight Tag Program Monitoring was designed the extent and frequency of certain behaviors - primarily charging, chasing and aggressive displays toward people, dogs, wildlife or livestock - was not well understood in an empirical sense. The sample method developed for this monitoring effort was specifically designed to assess regulatory compliance at a system-wide scale and not to describe site specific conditions. In this regard the monitoring effort was successful, and we now understand that for the majority of Voice and Sight trail miles, the probability of observing a non-compliant behavioral interaction is low (less than 1%).

The second insight is that the sample rate – the number of visitor groups observed per three-hour sessions – is generally low, with a median sample rate of between one and four groups per three hour session, depending on the regulation class being monitored. For Voice and Sight regulation class trails specifically, the behavioral observation method has a median sample rate of two visitor groups per hour while the leash status method has a median sample rate of four groups per hour. The low median sample rates are due in part to a large percentage of sessions where no dogs were observed. For Voice and Sight regulation class trails, along with Permanent Leash class trails, 25% of the sessions had zero visitor groups with dogs observed for the entire three-hour session.

Given the two insights mentioned above, we have developed the following recommendations when considering any future needs or requests for compliance monitoring, particularly in the context of dog.

  • Define specific management questions/issues
  • Estimate expect effect sizes of any management interventions
  • Pilot management interventions using experimental designs when possible (i.e. use treatment and control groups)

Defining specific management questions or issues and then limiting the scope of any research or monitoring to just one or two specific questions will allow staff to optimize the research methods to most efficiently collect data to answer those questions. Additionally, when there are proposals to implement management interventions (e.g. interventions to improve leash use at trailheads) we should carefully consider the expected or target effect size. This will allow staff to both evaluate the sample effort needed to detect the expected effect size (within a given confidence interval) as well as provide a target for defining whether the intervention was successful. Finally, we propose that management interventions be implemented using experimental design principals when possible. Using trailhead leash compliance as an example, this would mean implementing an intervention at some trailheads (treatment group) and not at others (control group). Experimental design principals support the Master Plan strategy RRSE.9 Develop a learning laboratory approach to recreation which in turn can help us identify the most effective and efficient management actions to support RRSE.1 Assess and manage increasing visitation.

6 Appendix

6.1 Site Map Example

Field map outlining the field of view and end point markers for the Sanitas Valley behavioral observation site.

Figure 6.1: Field map outlining the field of view and end point markers for the Sanitas Valley behavioral observation site.

6.2 Field Datasheets

6.2.1 Voice and Sight Behavioral Observations

Visitor Group Datasheet
Visitor Group (Party) datasheet for the Voice and Sight behavioral interactions observation component.

Figure 6.2: Visitor Group (Party) datasheet for the Voice and Sight behavioral interactions observation component.

Interactions Datasheet
Events datasheet for the Voice and Sight behavioral interactions observation component.

Figure 6.3: Events datasheet for the Voice and Sight behavioral interactions observation component.

6.2.2 Leash Status Observations

Interactions Behavioral Definitions
Events datasheet for the Voice and Sight behavioral interactions observation component.

Figure 6.4: Events datasheet for the Voice and Sight behavioral interactions observation component.

6.3 All Monitoring Sites