Voice and Sight Tag Program Monitoring

2014 - 2018 Monitoring Results

1 Introduction

During the summer months of 2014, 2016 and 2018, Open Space and Mountain Parks (OSMP) conducted three monitoring cycles for the Voice and Sight Dog Tag Program (Tag Program). This monitoring program is designed to evaluate compliance rates with dog regulations on OSMP lands and to assist with evaluation of the Tag Program enhancements that were enacted in 2015.

Acknowledgments

This report is the collective work of many OSMP staff and the participation of countless public participants. Specifically, we would like to thank Ann Lezberg, Deonne VanderWoude, Ellyn Bitume, Ruth Magtanong, Bryce Limón, Zak Lance, Danielle Atton, Saleh Dadjouy, Pete Lundskow, and Dominic Battista who collected field data for this project. Deonne VanderWoude was project manager for the 2014 monitoring cycle and Colin Leslie was project manager for the 2016 and 2018 cycles. Heidi Seidel managed all field operations in 2018. Additionally, we would like to thank the many staff in Education and Outreach, Rangers, and Resource Information Services workgroups who have helped review and manage program data. Finally, we would like to thank Steve Armstead, Mark Gershman, Ann Lezberg, Joe Reale, Ruth Magtanong, Charlie Philbrick, Deonne VanderWoude and external peer reviewers who contributed to the development of the project protocols.

Individually, and collectively, we thank you.

1.1 Background

The Tag Program is a management strategy within the Education and Outreach, Safety and Enforcement, Recreation Opportunities and User Conflict Reduction Initiatives of the 2005 Visitor Master Plan. Under the Tag Program, launched in the summer of 2006, visitors wishing to manage their dog(s) off-leash and under voice and sight control are required to have a voice and sight tag visibly displayed on their dogs. From 2006 through 2014, the process of obtaining a voice and sight tag required an applicant to view a video describing the requirements of voice and sight control, acknowledge understanding of those requirements, pay a fee, and complete a registration form.

In 2011, under the direction of the City of Boulder Council, OSMP began developing Tag Program enhancement to try and increase compliance with voice and sight regulations. Through collaboration between OSMP staff, public stakeholder groups, and dog behavioral specialists and researchers, Tag Program enhancements were developed.

Program enhancements were implemented in 2015 (Figure 1.1), which now require individuals wishing to participate in the program to attend an hour-long in-person Tag Program training session. Dog guardians who are not registered in the program or who do not have a voice and sight tag visibly displayed on their dog are required to keep their dog on-leash while visiting OSMP lands and other City of Boulder properties where voice and sight control is not an option. Note: At this time, the voice and sight course has been migrated to an online course in accordance with health orders to minimize social interactions in response to COVID-19.

During the development of the 2015 Tag Program enhancements, the Voice and Sight Dog Tag Monitoring Program (Tag Monitoring Program) was also reviewed, resulting in significant revisions to the existing protocol (used from 2006 to 2010). The new protocol was also reviewed as part of the extensive public process (Figure 1.1). The updated monitoring protocol was first enacted as part of the 2014 monitoring cycle and has now fully superseded the previous monitoring protocol that was in effect between 2006 and 2010. The three monitoring cycles were designed to be conducted before (2014), soon after (2016) and three years after (2018) implementation of the Tag Program enhancements in 2015.

Figure 1.1: Timeline history for the OSMP Voice and Sight Dog Tag Monitoring Program.

This report includes results from all three monitoring cycles for the current monitoring program and provides only a limited discussion of the Tag Monitoring Program’s genesis. A more comprehensive discussion on development of the 2014 – 2018 monitoring program can be found in the 2014 monitoring report and the 2016 monitoring protocol.

1.2 Goals and Objectives

The goal of the Tag Monitoring Program is to evaluate compliance with OSMP and City of Boulder (CoB) dog regulations by visitors to OSMP lands at a system-wide level. Evaluative measures in the Tag Monitoring Program are based on the goals of the Tag Program. The table below displays Tag Program goals on the left and corresponding monitoring measures on the right.

Tag Program goals

• Increase the proportion of dog guardians visiting OSMP lands who have control over their dogs as required by applicable regulations, including proof of current dog rabies vaccinations.
• Maintain a safe, high-quality visitor experience for all
• Contribute to natural resource conservation.

The Tag Program enhancements project’s objective relevant to this monitoring study is to: Increase compliance with observed dog regulations and voice and sight control rules.

1.3 Guidance from the Visitor Master Plan

The Tag Program is a management strategy within the Education and Outreach, Safety and Enforcement, Recreation Opportunities and User Conflict Reduction Initiatives of the Visitor Master Plan (VMP) (City of Boulder, 2005). Under the Tag Program, launched in the summer of 2006, visitors wishing to manage dogs off-leash and under voice and sight control were required to have a voice and sight tag visibly displayed on their dogs and comply with all other program requirements. The 2005 VMP outlined monitoring measures associated with dog management on OMSP (City of Boulder, 2005 p. 59, 63, 64). All measures initially had a proposed standard of 90% visitor compliance.

Most recently, dog management actions have been prescribed through Trail Study Area (TSA) processes and plans, with strategies associated with the OSMP management area designation guiding dog management decisions. The VMP established the four management area designations (Passive Recreation Areas, Natural Areas, Agricultural Areas, and Habitat Conservation Areas) based upon characteristics of visitation and current resource status, and describes general management objectives for each. Strategies for dog management range from voice and sight control with off-trail opportunities (maximum access) to dogs prohibited (no access). Typically, Passive Recreation Areas have the greatest amount of access for dogs/guardians and Habitat Conservation Areas have the least access.

2 Methods

The 2014 - 2018 Tag Monitoring Program consisted of several different monitoring measures associated with dog management on OSMP lands. These include:

Monitoring measures

• Visible voice and sight tag display
• Compliance with carrying a leash on-person for voice and sight trails ^a
• Dog(s) within sight
• Off leash dog(s) under voice control
• No charging, chasing, or otherwise displaying aggression toward any person or dog
• No chasing, harassing or disturbing wildlife or livestock
• No more than 2 dogs off-leash per guardian
• Dog(s) on leash on permanent and seasonally leash required trails
• On/Off leash ratios on voice and sight designated trails ^b

^a only conducted in 2014
^b only conducted in 2018

All of the measures were designed to evaluate specific sets of dog management criteria using methods that would capture day-to-day, on-the-ground conditions associated with dog management on OSMP lands. The goal of this monitoring effort was to assess conditions at a system-wide scale by conducting randomized field observations that were both spatially and temporally distributed. Constructing a large sample frame of locations, distributed across the majority of the OSMP land system, minimized the probability that conditions at any one location would bias the final results. Again, the goal was to evaluate dog management across the land system as a whole, not to evaluate or “target” any specific locations.

2.1 Regulatory Foundations

All of the measures for the Tag Program Monitoring were focused on assessing regulatory compliance with Voice and Sight control (BRC 6-1-2), Voice and Sight Control Evidence Tag (BRC 6-13-2 through 6-13-5) and Dogs Running at Large Prohibited (BRC 6-1-16), as they apply to dog management on OSMP trails. It did not attempt to quantify the frequency or severity of non-regulatory issues such as dog management etiquette, courtesy or conflict.

Specifically, the aggregate behaviors of interest that were recorded for Voice and sight behavioral events were based on the following definition:

Boulder Revised Code – Voice and Sight control definition (BRC 6-1-2)*

“Voice and sight control” means the ability of a guardian or keeper to adequately control a dog by using voice commands and sight commands (such as hand gestures). In order for a guardian or keeper to have voice and sight control over a dog, the guardian or keeper must: (1) be able to see the dog’s actions; and (2) be able to prevent the dog from engaging in the following behaviors, using voice and sight commands, without regard to circumstances or distractions:

1. Charging, chasing or otherwise displaying aggression toward any person or behave toward any person in a manner that a reasonable person would find harassing or disturbing;
2. Charging, chasing or otherwise displaying aggression toward any dog;
3. Chasing, harassing or disturbing wildlife or livestock; or
4. Failing to come to and stay with the guardian or keeper immediately upon command by such person.

2.2 Study Area

The study area was bound to designated trails on OSMP that include sanctioned opportunities for guardians to bring dogs on open space. Only properties where OSMP has enforcement responsibility are included. Mountain peaks and other hard to reach areas greater than a 60-minute hike from an access point were excluded from the study area. A full list of locations is available at the end of this report in the Appendix, All Monitoring Sites.

Below is an interactive map with locations for each monitoring type (Figure 2.1). Points for permanent and seasonal leash monitoring sites represent the location of line transects across the trail that were used for observing the leash status of dogs in visitor groups as they passed the transect. Voice and sight points represent the location where the observer was stationed such that they could see visitor groups as they traversed previously mapped linear sections of trail. Purple lines represent the field of view that visitor groups were observed across for voice and sight observations. Circles are size proportionately to the total number of visitor groups observed at that location across all three monitoring cycles.

Click on the circle icons to show a pop-up with the location name and number of visitor groups observed each year. Note that sample locations were randomly selected each year so some years might have zero visitor groups either because they were not selected or no visitor groups were observed during the observation session.

Figure 2.1: Map of monitoring locations, symbolized by total number of visitor groups observed across all three monitoring years. Purple lines represent the portion of trail that was included in the field of view from the observation point.

2.2.1 Site Characteristics

The following criteria were considered when selecting monitoring locations for the current monitoring program. Any given site does not meet or include all criteria; see the 2016 monitoring protocol for additional detail on site selection:

• Sight distance of at least 400 feet (voice and sight component only)
• Audio distance of at least 400 feet (voice and sight component only)
• Few visual obstructions on/along trail such as boulders, shrubs, trees, trail undulations or switchbacks
• Ease of access and available legal parking for field technician
• Location along trail continuum; need to represent various locations along the trail (trailhead, first quarter mile, interior)
• Recreation setting (combination of biophysical, managerial and social conditions along with infrastructure development); need to represent a range of recreation settings
• Existence of a potential challenge for dog management (water access, prairie dogs, livestock)
• Topographical setting; need to represent flats, hills, peak access, canyons
• Not within a Trailhead Leash area
• Underlain by OSMP owned and managed property (OSMP has enforcement responsibility)

2.3 Sample Selection

Samples for each monitoring component were drawn using a multi-stage sampling method to construct a final, randomized list of locations, dates, and start times for observation period (Table 2.1).

Table 2.1: General sample selection methods for each stage of the multi-stage sample construction

Stage	Sample Method	Additional Criteria
Stage 1: Location	Simple Random with Replacement	None
Stage 2: Date	Simple Random with Replacement	Max = 2 (2016), Max = 3 (2018)
Stage 3: Time	Simple Random with Replacement	Only daylight hours (7am – 7pm)

By utilizing a simple random sample with replacement for each of the sampling stages, a non-biased sample was constructed such that any given combination of a location, date, and start time had a non-zero probability of being selected for observation. This sample method helped minimize selection bias among high or low use times, dates, or locations within the list of established monitoring sites (Table ??). As a result, some observation periods occurred during high use times at high use locations while others occurred at low use times and low use locations, as well as all use and location combinations in between those extremes.

2.4 Data Collection

All of the data collected for the Tag Monitoring Program were done using a study designed to evaluate dog and guardian compliance with observable aspects of specific dog regulations of the voice and sight ordinances. Data were collected by dedicated field staff who received extensive training prior to data collection on how to observe visitor group attributes, dog and human behaviors, wildlife and livestock responses, and guardian dog management behaviors.

2.4.1 Voice and Sight Behavioral

For the voice and sight behavioral component, observers utilized a series of datasheets with predefined data fields and value codes to systematically and objectively record attributes (Figure 6.2) and events (Figure 6.3) of the visitor group under observation. Observations were categorized as pass events when no dog behaviors of interest were observed (Figure 2.2) and interactions when the dog under observation did exhibited a behavior of interest toward another person, dog, wildlife or livestock. Events were recorded as other when the dog was out of sight and/or the guardian issued a command (and these observations were not associated with a pass or interaction event). The recording structure for field observations allowed staff to record the context and chronological sequence of each group’s behaviors and interactions.

Figure 2.2: Behaviors of interest for dogs in the visitor group under observation.

When the event opportunity involved other people, observers looked for specific behavioral responses by the people in the other group (Figure 2.2). When possible, observers also noted whether or not there was clear directionality in who or what initiated the interaction when one occurred. For example, it could be that the dog in the other group initiated the interaction or that a person in the other group extended a verbal or physical invitation to the dog. Directionality and response behaviors were considered in context with the other behaviors demonstrated during an event.

Figure 2.3: Behaviors of interest for people in the other group in reponse to the event opportunity.

Once all data collection was completed, field observations were evaluated by the monitoring, Tag Program, and ranger staff to determine a final compliance outcome for each visitor group. This post-collection review reduced the influence of on-site subjectivity and helped normalize compliance determinations across all field staff and observation sessions.

An important part of the B.R.C. code states that guardians must have voice control over their dog while off-leash. To issue a voice and sight command means that the guardian spoke an audible command to the dog with their voice. For purposes of this report, and to limit ambiguity, we separated commands into recall commands that were clearly meant to establish voice and sight control over a dog and other attempts that were less clear. Only commands that included a word or phrase associated with a voice and sight regulation (“come” or “here”) were included in the voice control compliance measure. This distinction was established through public process in 2013 as part of the monitoring protocol revision (Figure 1.1). However, in a broader context, other commands may include a variety of guardian signals such as vocalizations (words, whistles, whoops, etc.), clapping, making noises with their person or a device, or by motions, movements or positions of their person (physically controlling the dog).

For the voice and sight component, overall compliance was calculated by quantifying the following selected measures for each visitor group.

• Visible voice and sight tag display
• Dog(s) within sight
• Off leash dog(s) under voice control (response to voice and sight command of guardian)
• No charging, chasing, or otherwise displaying aggression toward any person or dog
• No chasing, harassing or disturbing wildlife or livestock
• No more than 2 dogs off-leash per guardian

If a visitor group was not compliant with any one of these regulations, they were considered noncompliant in the overall compliance measure. However, compliance results for each measure have also been reported separately in the results section. For each measure (individual and overall) the number of noncompliant visitor groups was divided by the total observed groups to obtain the compliance measure.

2.4.2 Permanent and Seasonal Leash Required

The permanent and seasonal leash required components evaluated compliance with leash requirements by observing dogs at specific points on designated leash trails across OSMP. The monitoring program included 35 permanent leash required and 8 seasonal leash required monitoring locations.

Field observations were recorded on datasheets (Figure 6.4) using many of the same fields as the voice and sight component to record visitor group attributes and tag display. When a visitor group passed through a designated line transect across the trail the number, leash and tag status of all dogs in the visitor group were recorded. No behaviors were recorded as part of the leash requirement components. These locations are not part of the Tag Program and to be compliant with regulations on leash required trails, all dogs in the visitor group must be on leash, regardless of the presence or absence of a voice and sight tag.

2.5 Field Methods

For all components, field personnel arrive at the monitoring site at least ten minutes prior to the start of the monitoring period. Most monitoring sites required a hike from the trailhead or other parking area and the time necessary to access the site was appropriately planned for. Once at the locations, staff conducted a continuous three-hour observation session. Field personnel did not wear attire that identified them as OSMP staff and conducted observations from predefined locations set back from the observation zone or transect. This allowed for observers to remain largely inconspicuous so they did not influence the behavior of the visitor group under observation.

2.5.1 Voice and Sight Regulations

For voice and sight observations, the observer watched the first visitor group with one or more off-leash dogs that entered the observation zone (from any direction). The observer recorded the visitor group data using a structured data sheet with pre-defined fields and observation codes (Figure 6.2). The observer watched the visitor group the entire time the group remained in the observation zone. If an event opportunity was observed while the group was under observation, all relevant variable for the event were recorded on the event data sheet (Figure 6.3). Visitor groups could have anywhere from zero to tens of events. Once the group being observed left the observation area, the observer waited for a new dog containing group to enter the observation area (so that it could be observed for the entire zone) and repeated the data collection process.

2.5.2 Leash Status Observations

For leash status observations, the observer recorded every visitor group with one or more dogs that crossed over the observation point (coming from all directions). The observer recorded the visitor group data using a structured data sheet with pre-defined fields and observation codes (Figure 6.4).

3 Results

Before getting into specific components of the methods, it is worth taking a moment to understand the relationship between the sample selection and analysis process. While the sample selection procedures required staff to select from a randomized combination of locations and times, the actual unit of analysis for all components is the . Staff conducted observations at predefined locations where they could view a visitor group as they passed by a specific point or traversed a predefined section of trail. Staff utilized structured coding guides to systematically and objectively record attributes and behaviors of the visitor group under observation.

The specific number of visitor groups that were observed during each three-hour period was variable, subject to both the general visitation levels of the location selected as well as random environmental variables, such as weather. It is for this reason that all observations have been aggregated within each observation type. It is neither possible nor appropriate to try and make statistical inferences regarding site specific compliance with dog management regulations.

3.1 General Results and Interpretation

The majority of OSMP trails are included in the master sampling site list . However, as a result of selecting monitoring sites with a maximum of a 60-minute hiking access time, compliance estimates generated by this study should only be generalized to the population of dog guardians that visit trails on OSMP that allow dogs and have similar dog management as to those shown on the map (Figure 2.1).

The monitoring program is designed to gain an understanding of the level of compliance with Tag Program requirements, leash regulations and excrement removal across all trails on the OSMP system that met our selection criteria. For each component, we have aggregated data at the yearly level as observations at individual sites were too few to provide statistically confident comparisons between sites.

Depending on the particular measure, not all visitor groups observed necessarily had an opportunity to be evaluated for compliance. For example, entering a closure could only be evaluated if the visitor group was traveling adjacent to an area closure. As such, it is important to consider the associated confidence interval for compliance percentages. Confidence intervals have been calculated using a binomial proportion confidence interval since compliance for each measure can be considered a series of success–failure experiments Bernoulli trials.

3.2 Sample Composition

Trained staff conducted direct observation in the field using a randomized sample of locations, dates and times. All collection types and sessions were conducted in three hour blocks. While individual start hours were randomized, we can classify each session broadly into AM, Mid-day, and PM sessions to get a sense of when collections took place across the day. This is significant as we know from both previous research and anecdotal observations that aspects of both human and dog visitation vary throughout the day. Simple randomization of observations times helped to minimize bias of overall results toward any particular type of temporally based visitation pattern.

The sample effort was increased slightly each subsequent monitoring cycle. This was done in an attempt to capture more interactions between visitor groups as it was apparent that many behavioral issues were appearing in much lower frequencies than thought. It was supporter however by the increased capacity resulting from the formalization of the Human Dimensions Program in 2015. The 2018 sample effort was the most extensive, designed to capture both spring and fall seasonal leash closures as well as add the additional component of leash status monitoring on voice and sight trails.

3.2.1 Monitoring Sessions

Monitoring sessions were randomly selected using the criteria described above in the Sample Selection section. There are a number of ways we can cross-tabulate observation sessions, which can be viewed using the tabs below.

Aggregated by Year

Figure 3.1: Number of monitoring sessions conducted by monitoring type, year and time period of the day.

By Start Time

Figure 3.2: Start time for observations sessions plotted across months for each monitoring year. Each session was three hours long.

Summarized Tabular View

Table 3.1: Number of sessions by type and period of day.

Year	Session Type	AM	Mid-day	PM	Total
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	22	23	22	67
	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	12	5	4	21
	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	25	22	18	65
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	34	31	30	95
	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	10	10	10	30
	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	29	26	43	98
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	32	28	21	81
	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	17	17	11	45
	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	35	32	44	111
	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	19	23	19	61

Detailed Tabular View

Table 3.2: Number of visitor groups observed by individual observation session.

Year	Type	Location	Date	Visitor Groups
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Boulder Creek Path - Foothills	2014-06-09	5
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Boulder Creek Path - Foothills	2014-06-10	2
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Boulder Creek Path - Foothills	2014-07-04	2
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Buckingham Park	2014-05-14	0
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Buckingham Park	2014-05-18	3
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Buckingham Park	2014-05-25	1
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Buckingham Park	2014-05-26	1
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Buckingham Park	2014-06-03	2
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Buckingham Park	2014-07-18	0
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Cowdrey Draw	2014-06-07	0
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Cowdrey Draw	2014-06-13	1
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Cowdrey Draw	2014-07-01	0
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Cowdrey Draw	2014-07-10	1
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Dakota Ridge Trail	2014-06-11	18
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Dakota Ridge Trail	2014-07-08	8
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Dakota Ridge Trail	2014-07-18	16
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	E.M. Greenman	2014-06-05	1
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	East Boulder - Teller Lake ADA	2014-06-04	2
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Eldorado Canyon Trail	2014-05-22	0
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Eldorado Canyon Trail	2014-06-06	0
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Foothills South/Old Kiln	2014-05-15	7
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Foothills South/Old Kiln	2014-06-20	2
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Foothills South/Old Kiln	2014-07-12	7
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Foothills South/Old Kiln	2014-07-16	3
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Fowler Trail	2014-06-24	2
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Fowler Trail	2014-07-09	1
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Fowler Trail	2014-07-10	0
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Green Mountain West Ridge/Green Bear	2014-05-16	2
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	High Plains Trail	2014-05-28	0
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	High Plains Trail	2014-06-01	1
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	High Plains Trail	2014-06-02	0
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	High Plains Trail	2014-06-23	0
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	High Plains Trail	2014-06-26	0
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	KOA Lake Greenway	2014-05-23	1
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	KOA Lake Greenway	2014-07-08	0
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Lefthand Trail	2014-06-12	2
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Lefthand Trailhead	2014-05-24	0
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Lefthand Trailhead	2014-06-25	0
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Lefthand Trailhead	2014-07-15	0
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Lost Gulch Trail	2014-05-19	0
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Lost Gulch Trail	2014-07-06	5
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Lower Big Bluestem/Bluestem Connector	2014-06-12	2
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Lower Big Bluestem/Bluestem Connector	2014-06-22	3
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Lower Big Bluestem/Bluestem Connector	2014-07-03	3
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Marshall Lake Lookout	2014-05-29	4
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Old Kiln Trail	2014-06-17	0
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Old Kiln Trail	2014-06-21	1
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Post Office Access	2014-05-27	1
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Post Office Access	2014-07-09	0
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	South Boulder Creek Greenway	2014-06-18	6
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	South Boulder Creek Greenway	2014-06-27	10
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	South Boulder Creek Greenway	2014-07-21	1
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Spring Brook Loop North	2014-06-29	0
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Spring Brook Loop North	2014-07-17	1
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Wonderland Hill Trail	2014-06-15	2
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Wonderland Hill Trail	2014-06-16	7
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Wonderland Hill Trail	2014-06-19	1
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Wonderland Hill Trail	2014-06-30	3
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Wonderland Lake TH	2014-05-19	10
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Wonderland Lake TH	2014-05-31	9
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Wonderland Lake TH	2014-06-15	25
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Wonderland Lake TH	2014-06-28	3
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Wonderland Lake TH	2014-07-02	5
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Wonderland Lake TH	2014-07-13	23
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Wonderland Lake Trail	2014-06-14	0
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Wonderland Lake Trail	2014-07-07	7
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Wonderland Lake Trail	2014-07-16	1
2014	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Greenbelt Plateau Trail	2014-05-24	2
2014	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Greenbelt Plateau Trail	2014-05-27	0
2014	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Greenbelt Plateau Trail	2014-05-30	1
2014	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Greenbelt Plateau Trail	2014-05-31	0
2014	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Greenbelt Plateau Trail	2014-06-01	1
2014	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Greenbelt Plateau Trail	2014-06-02	0
2014	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Greenbelt Plateau Trail	2014-06-03	0
2014	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Greenbelt Plateau Trail	2014-06-04	1
2014	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Greenbelt Plateau Trail	2014-06-09	3
2014	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Greenbelt Plateau Trail	2014-06-10	0
2014	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Greenbelt Plateau Trail	2014-06-11	0
2014	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Greenbelt Plateau Trail	2014-06-15	2
2014	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Greenbelt Plateau Trail	2014-06-16	0
2014	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Greenbelt Plateau Trail	2014-06-17	1
2014	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Greenbelt Plateau Trail	2014-06-19	1
2014	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Greenbelt Plateau Trail	2014-06-20	0
2014	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Greenbelt Plateau Trail	2014-06-21	1
2014	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Greenbelt Plateau Trail	2014-06-22	1
2014	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Greenbelt Plateau Trail	2014-06-28	0
2014	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Greenbelt Plateau Trail	2014-07-02	0
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Anemone Trail	2014-05-21	7
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Anemone Trail	2014-05-27	1
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Bluebell - Baird Trail	2014-06-18	2
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Bluebell - Baird Trail	2014-06-21	8
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Bluebell Road	2014-05-28	12
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Bobolink Trail New	2014-07-11	4
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Centennial Greenway	2014-07-09	0
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Centennial TH	2014-06-08	5
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Centennial TH	2014-07-17	4
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Coal Seam Trail	2014-07-16	1
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Cobalt Trail	2014-06-22	0
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Cottonwood Trail	2014-05-24	3
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Cottonwood Trail	2014-07-19	0
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Dakota Ridge Trail	2014-07-14	5
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Doudy Draw/Community Ditch New	2014-07-18	1
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Dry Creek Trail New	2014-07-11	23
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Eagle Shelter	2014-06-30	1
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Eagle TH	2014-05-30	3
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Eagle TH	2014-06-04	5
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Eagle West New	2014-05-29	4
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Eagle West New	2014-06-28	3
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Eagle West New	2014-07-17	7
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	East Ridge Trail	2014-06-07	2
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Flagstaff Trail	2014-06-12	2
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Flatirons Loop Trail	2014-06-17	1
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Flatirons Vista TH	2014-06-29	4
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Flatirons Vista Trail	2014-06-29	1
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Flatirons Vista Trail	2014-07-17	2
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Foothills TH New	2014-06-24	0
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Foothills Trail	2014-06-16	8
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Four Pines TH	2014-06-15	14
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Fourmile Creek Greenway	2014-06-26	4
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Gregory Canyon Trail	2014-06-02	0
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Gregory Canyon Trail	2014-06-20	1
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Hidden Valley Trail	2014-07-19	0
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Kohler Mesa Trail	2014-06-01	6
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Lehigh Connector - South Trail	2014-07-08	4
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Marshall Mesa TH	2014-07-04	15
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Marshall Mesa Trail	2014-07-09	5
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Mesa Reservoir Trail	2014-07-10	4
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Mesa/N. Shanahan	2014-07-05	3
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	North Rim Trail	2014-06-23	0
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Prairie Vista Trail	2014-05-27	7
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	RangeView Trail	2014-05-22	2
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Red Rocks Trail New	2014-05-23	10
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Red Rocks Trail New	2014-06-11	5
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Sage Trail	2014-07-15	1
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Sanitas Valley Trail	2014-06-03	16
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Shadow Canyon North	2014-05-26	8
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Shadow Canyon North	2014-06-09	0
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Shanahan - South Fork Trail	2014-06-15	8
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Shanahan - South Fork Trail	2014-06-25	7
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Shanahan - South Fork Trail	2014-07-13	8
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Shanahan Ridge	2014-06-05	8
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Shanahan Ridge	2014-07-12	20
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Skunk Canyon Trail	2014-06-06	5
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Skunk Canyon Trail	2014-07-06	0
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	South Boulder Creek West TH	2014-06-13	3
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	South Mesa Trail New	2014-07-16	6
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Sunshine Canyon Trail	2014-07-11	0
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Upper Chautauqua Trail	2014-06-14	8
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Upper Chautauqua Trail	2014-06-19	4
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Upper Chautauqua Trail	2014-07-01	8
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Ute Trail	2014-06-10	1
2014	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Viewpoint Trail	2014-07-02	0
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Bear Peak West Ridge/Bear Canyon	2016-07-01	1
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Bear Peak West Ridge/Bear Canyon	2016-07-11	0
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Bear Peak West Ridge/Bear Canyon	2016-07-15	2
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Boulder Creek Path - Foothills	2016-07-20	5
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Boulder Creek Path - Foothills	2016-08-28	5
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Boulder Creek Path - Foothills	2016-09-04	5
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Buckingham Park	2016-07-05	4
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Buckingham Park	2016-08-08	0
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Cherryvale TH	2016-06-26	0
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Cherryvale TH	2016-08-03	0
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Cherryvale TH	2016-08-15	0
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Cherryvale TH	2016-08-21	0
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Cottontail Trail	2016-06-25	7
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Cottonwood TH	2016-06-25	7
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Cottonwood TH	2016-07-20	7
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Cottonwood TH	2016-07-24	2
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Cottonwood TH	2016-08-15	5
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Cowdrey Draw	2016-07-02	0
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Cowdrey Draw	2016-08-27	1
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Dakota Ridge Trail	2016-07-10	16
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Dakota Ridge Trail	2016-07-28	9
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Dakota Ridge Trail	2016-08-21	19
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Dakota Ridge Trail	2016-08-28	3
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	E.M. Greenman	2016-06-15	3
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	East Boulder - Teller Lake ADA	2016-06-22	0
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	East Boulder - Teller Lake ADA	2016-07-04	2
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	East Boulder - Teller Lake ADA	2016-07-08	1
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	East Boulder - Teller Lake ADA	2016-07-12	0
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	East Boulder - Teller Lake ADA	2016-08-29	0
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Eldorado Canyon Trail	2016-06-29	0
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Foothills South/Old Kiln	2016-06-15	14
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Fowler Trail	2016-07-02	3
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Fowler Trail	2016-08-14	3
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Green Mountain West Ridge/Green Bear	2016-06-18	3
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Green Mountain West Ridge/Green Bear	2016-07-17	1
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Green Mountain West Ridge/Green Bear	2016-07-25	0
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Green Mountain West Ridge/Green Bear	2016-08-04	0
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Green Mountain West Ridge/Green Bear	2016-08-23	1
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Green Mountain West Ridge/Green Bear	2016-08-31	4
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	High Plains Trail	2016-09-01	0
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Homestead Leash Trail	2016-06-23	7
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Homestead Leash Trail	2016-07-15	4
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Homestead Leash Trail	2016-07-19	9
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Homestead Leash Trail	2016-07-22	4
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Homestead Leash Trail	2016-07-31	11
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	KOA Lake Greenway	2016-07-14	0
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	KOA Lake Greenway	2016-07-23	0
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	KOA Lake Greenway	2016-08-01	0
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Lefthand Trail	2016-06-19	0
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Lefthand Trail	2016-07-13	0
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Lefthand Trail	2016-07-16	1
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Lefthand Trailhead	2016-06-21	0
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Lefthand Trailhead	2016-08-19	0
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Lost Gulch Trail	2016-06-29	0
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Lost Gulch Trail	2016-07-06	1
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Lost Gulch Trail	2016-07-23	2
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Lost Gulch Trail	2016-07-29	1
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Lost Gulch Trail	2016-08-01	7
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Lost Gulch Trail	2016-08-12	0
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Lost Gulch Trail	2016-08-13	6
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Lost Gulch Trail	2016-08-20	0
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Lower Big Bluestem/Bluestem Connector	2016-07-03	5
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Lower Big Bluestem/Bluestem Connector	2016-07-08	0
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Lower Big Bluestem/Bluestem Connector	2016-07-19	0
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Lower Big Bluestem/Bluestem Connector	2016-08-04	1
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Lower Big Bluestem/Bluestem Connector	2016-08-12	7
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Lower Big Bluestem/Bluestem Connector	2016-09-02	3
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Marshall Lake Lookout	2016-08-17	1
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Marshall Lake Lookout	2016-08-29	1
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Old Kiln Trail	2016-06-30	4
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Old Kiln Trail	2016-07-07	2
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Old Mesa Trail	2016-08-07	0
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Old Mesa Trail	2016-08-08	0
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Old Mesa Trail	2016-08-09	0
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Old Mesa Trail	2016-08-17	0
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	South Boulder Creek Greenway	2016-06-24	0
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	South Boulder Creek Greenway	2016-08-02	0
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Spring Brook Loop North	2016-07-26	1
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Spring Brook Loop North	2016-07-30	1
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Spring Brook Loop North	2016-08-16	0
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Wonderland Hill Trail	2016-07-11	11
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Wonderland Hill Trail	2016-07-27	0
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Wonderland Hill Trail	2016-08-05	0
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Wonderland Hill Trail	2016-08-23	9
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Wonderland Hill Trail	2016-09-03	5
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Wonderland Lake TH	2016-07-27	17
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Wonderland Lake TH	2016-08-05	6
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Wonderland Lake TH	2016-08-24	38
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Wonderland Lake Trail	2016-06-19	1
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Wonderland Lake Trail	2016-06-23	15
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Wonderland Lake Trail	2016-06-28	3
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Wonderland Lake Trail	2016-07-21	5
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Wonderland Lake Trail	2016-08-10	2
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Wonderland Lake Trail	2016-08-29	2
2016	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Amphitheater Trail	2016-09-16	5
2016	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Amphitheater Trail	2016-09-21	4
2016	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Amphitheater Trail	2016-09-25	7
2016	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Amphitheater Trail	2016-10-08	9
2016	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Amphitheater Trail	2016-10-14	7
2016	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Amphitheater Trail	2016-10-18	0
2016	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Baseline/Bluebell-Baird	2016-09-07	11
2016	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Baseline/Bluebell-Baird	2016-09-15	5
2016	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Baseline/Bluebell-Baird	2016-09-26	5
2016	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Baseline/Bluebell-Baird	2016-10-01	12
2016	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Baseline/Bluebell-Baird	2016-10-14	18
2016	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Baseline/Bluebell-Baird	2016-10-19	11
2016	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Doudy Draw Trail	2016-09-18	8
2016	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Doudy Draw Trail	2016-09-23	5
2016	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Doudy Draw Trail	2016-10-04	1
2016	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Doudy Draw Trail	2016-10-15	10
2016	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Gregory Canyon Trail	2016-09-11	3
2016	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Gregory Canyon Trail	2016-09-17	16
2016	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Gregory Canyon Trail	2016-09-19	5
2016	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Gregory Canyon Trail	2016-09-20	4
2016	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Gregory Canyon Trail	2016-09-23	6
2016	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Gregory Canyon Trail	2016-09-25	16
2016	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Gregory Canyon Trail	2016-10-15	11
2016	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Saddle Rock Trail	2016-09-22	2
2016	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Saddle Rock Trail	2016-10-11	2
2016	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Skunk Canyon Trail	2016-09-12	8
2016	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Skunk Canyon Trail	2016-09-16	4
2016	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Skunk Canyon Trail	2016-10-14	11
2016	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Skunk Canyon Trail	2016-10-18	3
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Amphitheater Trail	2016-07-07	0
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Amphitheater Trail	2016-08-20	2
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Anemone Trail	2016-06-16	0
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Anemone Trail	2016-06-18	2
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Anemone Trail	2016-07-08	0
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Anemone Trail	2016-07-09	0
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Anemone Trail	2016-07-22	0
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Anemone Trail	2016-07-27	0
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Bluebell - Baird Trail	2016-06-24	2
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Bluebell Road	2016-08-04	11
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Bobolink Trail New	2016-08-26	9
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Bobolink Trail New	2016-08-30	5
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Bobolink Trail New	2016-08-31	14
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Centennial Greenway	2016-06-24	3
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Centennial Greenway	2016-08-14	0
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Centennial TH	2016-07-21	6
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Cobalt Trail	2016-07-15	2
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Cobalt Trail	2016-08-29	1
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Contact Corner Trail + Spurs	2016-08-15	1
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Cottonwood Trail	2016-09-02	5
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Crown Rock TH	2016-08-24	0
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Crown Rock Trail	2016-06-26	0
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Crown Rock Trail	2016-07-01	0
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Doudy Draw TH	2016-08-16	0
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Eagle Shelter	2016-07-29	0
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Eagle TH	2016-08-18	3
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	East Ridge Trail	2016-06-17	2
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	East Ridge Trail	2016-06-28	7
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Enchanted Mesa Trail	2016-07-30	2
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Enchanted Mesa Trail	2016-09-03	4
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Fern Canyon Trail	2016-06-18	0
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Fern Meadow - Cragmoor Trail	2016-07-29	0
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Flagstaff Trail	2016-06-22	1
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Flatirons Loop Trail	2016-08-28	4
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Flatirons Vista TH	2016-07-03	4
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Flatirons Vista Trail	2016-07-24	2
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Foothills TH New	2016-07-31	0
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Four Pines Trail	2016-06-15	5
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Fourmile Creek Greenway	2016-08-05	7
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Goat Trail	2016-06-15	0
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Greenbelt Plateau TH	2016-08-26	0
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Greenbelt Plateau Trail	2016-08-06	0
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Gregory Canyon Trail	2016-06-19	13
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Gregory Canyon Trail	2016-08-09	2
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Gunbarrel Trail	2016-07-14	2
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Gunbarrel Trail	2016-08-14	2
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Hidden Valley Trail	2016-06-30	0
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Homestead Trail	2016-09-10	5
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Kohler Mesa Trail	2016-07-13	0
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Lehigh Connector - South Trail	2016-06-27	3
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Mallory Cave Trail	2016-08-16	0
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Marshall Mesa TH	2016-08-27	7
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Mesa Reservoir Trail	2016-08-03	0
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Mesa Reservoir Trail	2016-08-05	0
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Mesa/Enchanted Mesa	2016-07-10	14
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Mesa/Enchanted Mesa	2016-07-16	23
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Mesa/N. Shanahan	2016-07-19	0
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Mesa/N. Shanahan	2016-08-09	0
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Mt Sanitas Trail	2016-08-17	12
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Mt Sanitas Trail	2016-08-19	7
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Prairie Vista Trail	2016-07-06	0
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Realization Point TH	2016-09-04	2
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Sage TH	2016-08-06	0
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Sage TH	2016-09-02	7
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Sage Trail	2016-06-21	2
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Sanitas Valley Trail	2016-08-07	15
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Sanitas Valley Trail	2016-08-27	16
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Shadow Canyon North	2016-08-02	0
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Shanahan - South Fork Trail	2016-07-12	1
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Shanahan - South Fork Trail	2016-07-15	1
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Shanahan - South Fork Trail	2016-08-19	5
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Shanahan - South Fork Trail	2016-08-22	1
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Shanahan Connector	2016-06-25	6
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Shanahan Ridge	2016-07-02	8
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Shanahan Ridge	2016-07-23	13
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Skunk Canyon Trail	2016-07-19	0
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	South Boulder Creek at EBCC	2016-07-09	15
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	South Boulder Creek at EBCC	2016-08-29	3
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	South Boulder Creek West TH	2016-07-30	1
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	South Boulder Creek West TH	2016-08-11	2
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	South Boulder Creek West Trail	2016-07-13	2
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	South Boulder Creek West Trail	2016-08-04	2
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	South Boulder Creek West Trail	2016-08-16	0
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	South Boulder Creek West Trail	2016-08-28	0
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	South Mesa TH	2016-07-03	14
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	South Mesa TH	2016-07-26	5
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	South Mesa TH	2016-08-01	2
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	South Mesa Trail New	2016-09-02	1
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Sunshine Canyon Trail	2016-08-01	1
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Teller Farm TH	2016-08-24	2
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Teller Farm Trail	2016-07-20	3
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Teller Farm Trail	2016-07-21	1
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Upper Chautauqua Trail	2016-06-23	5
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Upper Chautauqua Trail	2016-06-26	4
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Viewpoint Trail	2016-06-23	2
2016	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Viewpoint Trail	2016-08-23	1
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Baseline/Bluebell-Baird	2018-10-29	10
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Bear Peak West Ridge/Bear Canyon	2018-06-05	1
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Bear Peak West Ridge/Bear Canyon	2018-06-30	8
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Bear Peak West Ridge/Bear Canyon	2018-07-09	1
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Bear Peak West Ridge/Bear Canyon	2018-08-12	2
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Bear Peak West Ridge/Bear Canyon	2018-10-18	1
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Boulder Creek Path - Foothills	2018-08-24	5
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Boulder Creek Path - Foothills	2018-09-18	3
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Boulder Creek Path - Foothills	2018-10-30	3
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Buckingham Park	2018-07-02	0
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Buckingham Park	2018-08-27	1
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Buckingham Park	2018-09-04	0
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Buckingham Park	2018-10-04	2
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Buckingham Park	2018-10-08	1
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Chapman Trail	2018-09-03	0
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Chapman Trail	2018-10-21	2
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Chapman Trail	2018-11-02	0
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Cherryvale TH	2018-08-19	2
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Cherryvale TH	2018-10-22	2
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Cherryvale TH	2018-10-27	0
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Cottontail Trail	2018-06-18	4
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Cottontail Trail	2018-07-17	6
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Cottontail Trail	2018-07-27	2
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Cottonwood TH	2018-06-02	4
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Cottonwood TH	2018-09-18	3
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Cottonwood TH	2018-10-06	8
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Cowdrey Draw	2018-06-22	0
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Dakota Ridge Trail	2018-08-01	15
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Dakota Ridge Trail	2018-08-03	8
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Dakota Ridge Trail	2018-08-16	4
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Dakota Ridge Trail	2018-09-19	8
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Doudy Draw TH	2018-07-16	2
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	East Boulder - Teller Lake ADA	2018-06-23	1
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	East Boulder - Teller Lake ADA	2018-07-20	1
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	East Boulder - Teller Lake ADA	2018-08-23	0
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	East Boulder - Teller Lake ADA	2018-08-26	3
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	East Boulder - Teller Lake ADA	2018-08-31	1
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Eldorado Canyon Trail	2018-07-10	0
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Eldorado Canyon Trail	2018-08-20	1
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Eldorado Canyon Trail	2018-09-25	0
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Eldorado Canyon Trail	2018-09-27	0
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Foothills South/Old Kiln	2018-09-07	11
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Foothills South/Old Kiln	2018-09-30	12
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Fowler Trail	2018-06-03	9
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Fowler Trail	2018-06-12	0
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Fowler Trail	2018-07-01	1
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Green Mountain West Ridge/Green Bear	2018-10-13	0
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	High Plains Trail	2018-07-21	2
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	High Plains Trail	2018-08-05	1
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	High Plains Trail	2018-10-01	0
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	High Plains Trail	2018-10-31	0
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Lefthand Trail	2018-10-18	1
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Lefthand Trailhead	2018-06-27	0
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Lefthand Trailhead	2018-07-19	1
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Lefthand Trailhead	2018-08-10	1
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Lefthand Trailhead	2018-09-16	0
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Lefthand Trailhead	2018-09-20	0
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Lefthand Trailhead	2018-10-07	4
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Lost Gulch Trail	2018-06-07	0
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Lost Gulch Trail	2018-06-11	0
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Lost Gulch Trail	2018-07-28	0
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Lost Gulch Trail	2018-07-30	3
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Old Mesa Trail	2018-06-01	0
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Old Mesa Trail	2018-10-23	0
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Post Office Access	2018-06-21	0
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Post Office Access	2018-06-22	0
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Post Office Access	2018-07-03	0
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Post Office Access	2018-09-06	1
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Post Office Access	2018-09-11	0
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Sage TH	2018-10-10	4
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	South Boulder Creek Greenway	2018-05-30	6
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Spring Brook Loop North	2018-08-30	1
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Tenderfoot Leash Trail	2018-07-04	0
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Tenderfoot Leash Trail	2018-09-05	0
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Tenderfoot Leash Trail	2018-10-09	1
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Wonderland Lake TH	2018-09-02	20
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Wonderland Lake TH	2018-09-21	12
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Wonderland Lake TH	2018-09-22	27
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Wonderland Lake Trail	2018-05-28	7
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Wonderland Lake Trail	2018-06-24	11
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	Wonderland Lake Trail	2018-10-28	17
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Amphitheater Trail	2018-08-29	5
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Amphitheater Trail	2018-09-25	8
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Amphitheater Trail	2018-09-29	2
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Amphitheater Trail	2018-10-02	1
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Amphitheater Trail	2018-10-11	1
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Amphitheater Trail	2018-10-30	0
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Baseline/Bluebell-Baird	2018-08-15	11
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Baseline/Bluebell-Baird	2018-08-30	4
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Baseline/Bluebell-Baird	2018-09-06	6
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Baseline/Bluebell-Baird	2018-09-16	9
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Baseline/Bluebell-Baird	2018-09-23	12
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Doudy Draw Trail	2018-08-18	3
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Doudy Draw Trail	2018-09-08	0
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Doudy Draw Trail	2018-09-15	0
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Doudy Draw Trail	2018-09-20	0
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Doudy Draw Trail	2018-09-21	0
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Doudy Draw Trail	2018-09-27	2
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Doudy Draw Trail	2018-10-19	3
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Greenbelt Plateau Trail	2018-06-04	0
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Greenbelt Plateau Trail	2018-06-11	0
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Greenbelt Plateau Trail	2018-06-16	0
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Greenbelt Plateau Trail	2018-06-17	0
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Greenbelt Plateau Trail	2018-06-26	0
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Greenbelt Plateau Trail	2018-07-01	0
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Greenbelt Plateau Trail	2018-07-29	2
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Saddle Rock Trail	2018-08-23	1
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Saddle Rock Trail	2018-08-24	3
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Saddle Rock Trail	2018-09-01	5
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Saddle Rock Trail	2018-09-17	4
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Saddle Rock Trail	2018-09-30	7
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Saddle Rock Trail	2018-10-04	4
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Saddle Rock Trail	2018-10-09	2
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Saddle Rock Trail	2018-10-15	4
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Saddle Rock Trail	2018-10-28	19
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Saddle Rock Trail	2018-11-01	1
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Skunk Canyon Trail	2018-08-16	2
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Skunk Canyon Trail	2018-08-17	5
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Skunk Canyon Trail	2018-08-20	5
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Skunk Canyon Trail	2018-09-03	7
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Skunk Canyon Trail	2018-09-19	3
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Skunk Canyon Trail	2018-09-26	7
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Skunk Canyon Trail	2018-10-13	7
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Skunk Canyon Trail	2018-10-24	5
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Skunk Canyon Trail	2018-10-27	9
2018	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	Skunk Canyon Trail	2018-10-31	2
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Anemone Trail	2018-06-03	10
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Bluebell - Baird Trail	2018-07-10	3
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Bluebell - Baird Trail	2018-08-02	2
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Bluebell - Baird Trail	2018-09-16	5
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Bluebell - Baird Trail	2018-10-13	2
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Bluebell Road	2018-09-25	8
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Bluebell Road	2018-09-27	9
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Bobolink Trail New	2018-06-05	11
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Bobolink Trail New	2018-07-24	18
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Centennial Greenway	2018-06-12	0
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Centennial Greenway	2018-07-27	0
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Centennial Greenway	2018-10-11	0
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Centennial Greenway	2018-10-13	9
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Centennial TH	2018-09-07	3
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Chapman TH	2018-07-20	0
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Chapman TH	2018-10-01	1
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Chapman Trail	2018-10-16	1
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Chapman Trail	2018-11-02	1
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Coal Seam Trail	2018-08-03	3
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Cottonwood Trail	2018-08-07	5
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Crown Rock TH	2018-08-18	0
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Crown Rock TH	2018-09-18	0
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Crown Rock TH	2018-10-21	0
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Crown Rock Trail	2018-07-18	0
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Dakota Ridge Trail	2018-08-16	18
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Degge Trail	2018-09-10	2
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Doudy Draw TH	2018-06-11	4
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Doudy Draw/Community Ditch New	2018-07-19	1
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Doudy Draw/Community Ditch New	2018-07-21	0
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Dry Creek Trail New	2018-07-21	10
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Eagle TH	2018-09-03	1
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Eagle TH	2018-10-31	5
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	East Ridge Trail	2018-10-22	9
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Fern Meadow - Cragmoor Trail	2018-08-04	6
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Fern Meadow - Cragmoor Trail	2018-09-30	14
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Flagstaff Trail	2018-10-12	0
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Flatirons Vista Trail	2018-06-30	0
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Flatirons Vista Trail	2018-10-18	0
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Foothills TH New	2018-07-09	0
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Foothills Trail	2018-06-22	1
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Foothills Trail	2018-09-21	0
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Four Pines TH	2018-09-18	3
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Four Pines TH	2018-10-20	6
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Four Pines Trail	2018-06-20	6
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Four Pines Trail	2018-10-12	0
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Fourmile Creek Greenway	2018-06-23	2
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Greenbelt Plateau TH	2018-10-02	2
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Greenbelt Plateau Trail	2018-06-06	0
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Greenbelt Plateau Trail	2018-07-03	0
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Greenbelt Plateau Trail	2018-07-12	0
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Gregory Canyon Trail	2018-08-23	1
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Gregory Canyon Trail	2018-10-30	1
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Gunbarrel TH	2018-09-28	4
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Hidden Valley Trail	2018-09-04	0
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Homestead Trail	2018-08-31	3
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Homestead Trail	2018-10-28	14
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Lehigh Connector - South Trail	2018-07-28	4
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Lehigh Connector - South Trail	2018-08-30	9
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Lehigh Connector - South Trail	2018-10-17	2
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Mallory Cave Trail	2018-07-30	0
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Mallory Cave Trail	2018-09-05	0
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Mallory Cave Trail	2018-09-17	1
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Marshall Mesa TH	2018-09-11	4
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Marshall Mesa Trail	2018-08-09	0
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Marshall Mesa Trail	2018-09-13	2
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Marshall Valley Trail	2018-09-15	1
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Mesa Reservoir Trail	2018-06-29	1
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Mesa Reservoir Trail	2018-08-12	1
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Mesa/Enchanted Mesa	2018-07-18	5
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Mesa/Enchanted Mesa	2018-08-07	2
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Mesa/Enchanted Mesa	2018-09-10	12
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Mt Sanitas Trail	2018-06-25	6
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Mt Sanitas Trail	2018-08-27	1
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	North Rim Trail	2018-07-21	7
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	North Rim Trail	2018-08-05	7
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	North Rim Trail	2018-08-28	4
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	RangeView Trail	2018-10-27	0
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Realization Point TH	2018-10-24	3
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Red Rocks Trail New	2018-06-02	5
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Red Rocks Trail New	2018-11-05	2
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Royal Arch Trail	2018-06-16	0
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Sage Trail	2018-06-26	3
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Sage Trail	2018-10-04	0
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Sage Trail	2018-10-23	6
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Sanitas Valley Trail	2018-05-29	13
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Sanitas Valley Trail	2018-07-22	21
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Sanitas Valley Trail	2018-08-24	7
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Shadow Canyon North	2018-08-19	4
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Shadow Canyon North	2018-09-02	1
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Shanahan Connector	2018-05-30	5
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Shanahan Connector	2018-10-03	8
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Shanahan Ridge	2018-06-27	0
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Shanahan Ridge	2018-07-01	16
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Shanahan Ridge	2018-09-07	10
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Skunk Canyon Trail	2018-06-09	6
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	South Boulder Creek at EBCC	2018-06-25	14
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	South Boulder Creek West TH	2018-06-19	6
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	South Boulder Creek West TH	2018-08-20	2
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	South Boulder Creek West Trail	2018-08-29	5
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	South Mesa TH	2018-09-17	2
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Sunshine Canyon Trail	2018-06-07	4
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Sunshine Canyon Trail	2018-10-08	3
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Teller Farm TH	2018-09-23	1
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Teller Farm Trail	2018-06-01	0
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Teller Farm Trail	2018-07-04	1
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Teller Farm Trail	2018-08-31	2
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Tenderfoot Trail	2018-08-10	0
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Upper Chautauqua Trail	2018-10-09	0
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Ute Trail	2018-06-21	0
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Ute Trail	2018-10-06	1
2018	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	Viewpoint Trail	2018-07-02	1
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Amphitheater Trail	2018-06-28	0
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Amphitheater Trail	2018-08-21	3
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Anemone Trail	2018-06-20	4
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Bobolink Trail New	2018-07-06	28
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Centennial TH	2018-07-06	2
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Centennial TH	2018-08-09	7
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Chapman TH	2018-09-12	0
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Chapman Trail	2018-07-14	0
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Chapman Trail	2018-08-01	0
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Coal Seam Trail	2018-06-14	1
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Coal Seam Trail	2018-09-05	3
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Cobalt Trail	2018-06-06	2
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Cottonwood Trail	2018-10-15	4
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Crown Rock TH	2018-10-03	0
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Degge Trail	2018-07-13	1
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Degge Trail	2018-10-02	4
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Dry Creek Trail New	2018-06-19	29
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Eagle Shelter	2018-08-21	3
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Eagle TH	2018-08-01	5
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	East Ridge Trail	2018-09-05	8
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Fern Canyon Trail	2018-09-10	0
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Foothills Trail	2018-06-04	2
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Four Pines TH	2018-10-17	7
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Four Pines Trail	2018-09-14	1
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Fourmile Creek Greenway	2018-07-14	8
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Fourmile Creek Greenway	2018-08-28	7
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Fourmile Creek Greenway	2018-09-14	20
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Greenbelt Plateau TH	2018-06-10	2
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Greenbelt Plateau Trail	2018-08-06	0
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Gunbarrel TH	2018-06-09	0
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Gunbarrel TH	2018-09-22	8
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Gunbarrel Trail	2018-07-08	7
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Hidden Valley Trail	2018-06-10	0
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Hidden Valley Trail	2018-10-10	0
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Homestead Trail	2018-08-22	11
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Lehigh Connector - South Trail	2018-06-17	13
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Marshall Mesa Trail	2018-05-31	1
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Marshall Mesa Trail	2018-06-07	1
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Marshall Mesa Trail	2018-06-08	2
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Marshall Valley Trail	2018-07-11	5
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Marshall Valley Trail	2018-10-03	2
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Mesa/Enchanted Mesa	2018-07-22	8
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Mt Sanitas Trail	2018-07-15	6
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	North Rim Trail	2018-08-15	11
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	North Rim Trail	2018-10-10	6
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	RangeView Trail	2018-06-05	0
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	RangeView Trail	2018-08-11	0
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	RangeView Trail	2018-09-12	3
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Realization Point TH	2018-07-07	14
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Saddle Rock Trail	2018-11-02	4
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Sage TH	2018-06-13	7
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Sage Trail	2018-06-15	10
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Shanahan Connector	2018-10-20	33
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	South Boulder Creek at EBCC	2018-09-12	9
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	South Boulder Creek West Trail	2018-08-06	2
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Teller Farm TH	2018-08-08	10
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Teller Farm TH	2018-08-21	7
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Teller Farm TH	2018-10-05	6
2018	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	Upper Chautauqua Trail	2018-05-31	20

3.2.2 Visitor Group Composition

Every observation component included collection of basic visitor group information including group size and activity type along with information about the number of dogs.

Looking at activity distribution we can see that hikers were the most frequently observed visitor groups, followed by runners. This information is presented both in bar char (Figure 3.3) and tabular form (Table 3.3) below.

Bar Chart

Figure 3.3: The number of visitor groups observed within each monitoring type for each year.

Tabular

Table 3.3: Number of visitor groups observed by session type and monitoring year

Year	Type	Hiker	Runner	Biker	Equestrian	Other
2014	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	190	31	2	1	0
	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	9	4	1	0	0
	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	255	48	6	1	0
2016	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	275	48	2	0	1
	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	188	20	1	0	0
	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	293	40	3	1	0
2018	Permanent Leash - Leash Status	226	41	1	0	0
	Seasonal Leash - Leash Status	149	20	2	0	0
	Voice and Sight - Behavioral	355	57	9	3	1
	Voice and Sight - Leash Status	306	44	4	2	1

Looking at the distribution of the number of off-leash dogs per visitor group by year, we can see that the majority of visitor groups have one or two dogs in the group.

Table 3.4: Distribution of the number of off-leash dogs per visitor group.

		Visitor Groups		Dogs
Year	Dogs in group	Frequency	Percent	Frequency	Percent
2014	1	236	76%	236	59%
	2	60	19%	120	30%
	3	11	4%	33	8%
	4	3	1%	12	3%
2016	1	260	77%	260	61%
	2	67	20%	134	32%
	3	10	3%	30	7%
2018	1	343	81%	343	66%
	2	72	17%	144	28%
	3	9	2%	27	5%
	4	1	0%	4	1%

3.3 Voice and Sight Compliance

Compliance with Voice and Sight regulations can broadly be broken into two categories of measures. The first are categorical measures, which are measures that can directly assessed and are unambiguously explicit in their compliance outcome. Categorical measures were evaluated by constructing logic evaluations that look for the presence or absence of certain values that would indicate non-compliance. For example, IF a visitor group has 1 or more off-leash dogs with no tag THEN the group is non-compliant.

The second type of compliance measures are the contextual measures, which are the behaviors assessed when a dog interacts with another group (people, dogs, wildlife, livestock) on the trail or when the guardian issues a command to the dog that requires a behavioral response. Contextual measures were evaluated once data collection was completed by assembling a panel of staff that included at least one project researcher, Voice and Sight program staff, and a law enforcement ranger. When evaluating contextual measures, staff would consider the type and sequence of behaviors displayed by the dog under observation, the response of the “other” group, and the response by the guardian (e.g. control attempt). Following is a list of the categorical and contextual measures that have been reported for the Voice and Sight component.

Categorical

• Tag display
• Dog to guardian ratio
• Within sight
• Not entering closed areas
• Excrement pickup and removal

Contextual

• Person and dog interactions
  • Group-level stats
  • Event-level stats
• Voice commands

3.3.1 Categorical Measures

3.3.1.1 Tag display

For tag display, staff observed between 310 and 425 visitor groups depending on the year as part of the Voice and Sight component. A visitor party was considered compliant if all off-leash dogs in the party had a tag visibly displayed. A visitor party was considered Non-Compliant if at least one off-leash dog in the party did not have a tag visibly displayed. A visitor party was considered unsure if at least one off-leash dog had unsure tag display (and the party did not also include a no tag display dog).

In 2014 compliance was 69% (95% CI, 64 to 74), dipped slightly in 2016 to 56% (95% CI, 51 to 61) and then increase in 2018 to 82% (95% CI, 78 to 85) (Table 3.5). For the tag display component, observers noted a number of visitor parties where they could not definitively confirm the presence or absence of a tag and thus recorded the tag status as unsure. In these instances, visitor parties were only reported as unsure if the observer was unable to confirm tag presence or absence. If there were any no tag dogs in the visitor party, the party was evaluated as noncompliant.

Table 3.5: Visitor group compliance with tag display for all off-leash dogs.

	Compliant		Non Compliant		Unsure
Year	Frequency	Percent	Frequency	Percent	Frequency	Percent
2014	215	69%	62	20%	33	11%
2016	190	56%	67	20%	80	24%
2018	348	82%	53	12%	24	6%

We can also view tag display for off leash dogs by individual dog. Because the majority of visitor groups only had one dog with them (Table 3.4) the percentage for tag display by individual dog (Table 3.6) are similar to overall group level compliance.

Table 3.6: Individual dog compliance with tag display for for all off-leash dogs

	Compliant		Non Compliant		Unsure
Year	Frequency	Percent	Frequency	Percent	Frequency	Percent
2014	286	71%	72	18%	43	11%
2016	246	58%	78	18%	100	24%
2018	431	83%	57	11%	30	6%

Between the randomization of location selection across years (Table 2.1) and the variable number of visitor groups observed during each session, many sessions have low sample sizes (n < 10). However, we can look at the range of compliance across locations to get some sense of variability by plotting compliance percentages for any locations that did have at lest 10 total visitor group observations within a given year. Figure 3.4 below shows the distribution of compliance (dots) along with the median compliance rate (red line) for each year.

Figure 3.4: Plot has been filtered to only include locations with >= 10 visitor groups observed for that sample year. Red line is the median compliance rate for each year.

3.3.1.2 Dog to guardian ratio

Compliance with the requirement for no more than two off-leash dogs per guardian looks at the number of groups with three or more off-leash dogs and assesses whether or not there were enough adult guardians present (Table 3.7). Because the observer cannot attribute guardianship of dogs to specific people in the visitor group, compliance was evaluated by comparing the ratio of off-leash dogs to number of adult persons in the visitor group, which was recorded as a separate variable on the data sheet.

The number of groups with more than two off-leash dogs is small to begin with (Table 3.4) so compliance with this measure is high (98% for greater) when considering the number of visitor groups observed (with at least one off-leash dog). If we subset the observations to include only groups that had three or more off-leash dogs, compliance ranges between 30% and 60%.

Table 3.7: Visitor group compliance with no more than two dogs off-leash per adult guardian.

	Visitor Groups			Percent Compliance
Year	Total	> 2 dogs	Violations	All Groups	> 2 dogs
2014	310	14	7	98%	50%
2016	337	10	4	99%	60%
2018	425	10	7	98%	30%

3.3.1.3 Within sight

The within sight measure was defined as whether or not the dog(s) in a visitor party are not within the immediate 360° field of view of the guardian(s) at all times. This measure does not assess if the guardian is actively looking at their dog(s) but rather if the dog(s) became physically obscured from the guardians position by vegetation or terrain. Compliance for this measure ranged between 93% and 99% for all three monitoring years (Table 3.8).

Table 3.8: Number and compliance outcomes with the out-of-sight regulation at the visitor group level.

	Visitor Groups
Year	Total	Violation	Compliance
2014	310	21	93%
2016	337	8	98%
2018	425	5	99%

3.3.1.4 Not entering closed areas

When visitor groups were on Voice and Sight trails that were adjacent to area closures, such as grassland nesting bird closures, observers recorded whether or not any of the event took place within the area closure. This was defined as the dog traveling greater than 10 ft from the edge of the trail into the closure zone. If no specific opportunity was present but the dog entered the closure area, this was considered an isolated event trigger and the closure entry was noted. Compliance on this measure ranged between 93% and 100% (Table 3.9).

The sample size for this measure was low, due to the limited number of Voice and Sight trails that are adjacent to area closures. In 2016, only five visitor groups were observed on trails adjacent to closed areas. The sample size for 2018 was larger, with 31 visitor groups observed. Two visitor groups had at least one occurrence of a dog entering the closed area, resulting in an overall compliance rate of 93% (95% CI, 78 to 98). Trails through many area closures either have permanent leash requirements or change from voice and sight to leash required as part of a seasonal leash requirement.

Table 3.9: Number and compliance outcomes with the not entering closed areas regulation at the visitor group level.

	Visitor Groups
Year	Total	Violation	Compliance
2014	23	1	96%
2016	5	0	100%
2018	29	2	93%
Note:
Only includes visitor groups that were adjacent to area closures

3.3.1.5 Excrement pickup and removal

Excrement pickup and removal is not a part of the Voice and Sight code specifically but it was included since it is a general requirement for all dogs on open space properties and the observational methods were well suited to recording it when it did occur. The majority of dogs in visitor groups did not have any poop events while under observation but for those that did, compliance with the requirement for guardians to both bag and take the excrement with them ranged between 58% and 79%.

Table 3.10: Number and compliance outcomes with the pick up and remove (take) dog excrement requirement at the visitor group level.

	Visitor Groups
Year	Total	Violation	Compliance
2014	26	8	69%
2016	19	8	58%
2018	28	6	79%
Note:
Only includes visitor groups with dogs that had one or more poop events

3.3.2 Contextual Measures

3.3.2.1 Person and dog interactions

There are several variables that go into evaluating compliance outcomes for interactions between the dog(s) in the visitor group under observation and other visitor groups. To begin with, we must determine if there were any events, as not every visitor group observed necessarily had opportunities to interact with other visitor groups while under observation. For those groups that do have opportunities for interactions, the opportunities can be combination of other people, dogs, wildlife or livestock. When an opportunity was observed, it could either result in a pass, where the dog(s) under observation didn’t engage in behaviors of interest or it could result in an interaction, where behaviors of interest did take place.

Determining whether or not an interaction event was non-compliant (violation) requires evaluation of additional context variables including behaviors for the dog(s) under observation (Figure 2.2), response behaviors from the other visitor group (Figure 2.3) and finally voice or other control attempts by the dog guardian under observation. There are numerous options for how we could group all these variables together into a single table of compliance outcomes. However, while the results would all be technically correct based on the evaluative logic we think that trying to evaluate all the variables makes the results difficult to interpret in terms of generalization to what one might “see” when out on the trails. Therefore, we have broken down the analysis based on the following questions.

• What proportion of visitor groups had event opportunities while under observation?
  • How many visitor groups had a non-compliant dog behavior or guardian command attempt during an event?
• What is the breakdown of the types of event opportunities that were observed?
  • What proportion of these opportunities resulted in passes vs interactions?
  • What were the compliance outcomes by type of event opportunity and for those that were violations, what were the non-compliance reasons?

Group-level stats

Groups with events

We can begin by evaluating the first question What proportion of visitor groups had event opportunities while under observation? (Table 3.11)

Table 3.11: Proportion of visitor groups with one or more events.

	Visitor Groups
Year	Total	With Events	Percent with Events
2014	310	176	57%
2016	337	192	57%
2018	425	197	46%

Behavioral compliance

Next, we can look at group-level by evaluating first whether a group had an opportunities for events and if they did, were any of those events non-compliant, regardless of what the opportunity type was (Table 3.12). This is also the most stringent test as any non-compliant event for the group will result in an overall group-level evaluation of non-compliant. The two reasons (based on the monitoring methodology) that an event will evaluate to non-compliant is either that the dog(s) under observation engaged in a non-compliant behavior (e.g. aggression, chasing wildlife) or failed to respond to a command issued by the dog guardian (voice or alternate command). For the purposes of this report, we are using the following definitions when distinguishing between dog behaviors and guardian commands:

dog behavior –the categorical behavior(s) exhibited by the dog under observation toward another visitor group, dog, livestock or wildlife
guardian command – a verbal or alternative command issued by the dog guardian for the purpose of eliciting a change in behavior on the part of the dog

These tables below, which have been separated for dog behaviors and guardian commands, give us the probability of observing a compliant or non-compliant event for a visitor group within an observation zone. We can start with the dog behavior table since conceptually, this measure is a little more straightforward than the guardian command measure. In the case of dog behaviors, so long as there were no non-compliant behaviors observed during an event, the event evaluates to compliant. Whether the dog was disinclined to engage in the behavior on their own or the guardian intervened with a command before the dog carried out the behavior (resulting in an avoidance of the behavior), what matters for the dog behavior measure is that the behavior was avoided.

Table 3.12: Behavioral compliance outcomes for visitor groups that had at least one event opportunity.

Year	Compliant	Noncompliant
2014	81.1%	18.9%
2016	98.4%	1.6%
2018	99.4%	0.6%

Command compliance

Evaluating guardian commands is analytically similar to evaluating dog behaviors but has caveat that commands can only be evaluated when they are given. Unlike dog behavior, were any visitor group that had at least one event opportunity could be evaluated on the dog behavior compliance measure, not all visitor groups necessarily issued a command when one or more events occurred (Table 3.13). Therefore, we need to add an additional category for No Command Issued, indicating that there were event opportunities for the visitor group under observation but they never issued any commands that could be evaluated for compliance (i.e. successful dog response). The fact that no command was issued when one or more events occurred for a visitor group should not be interpreted as any level of evaluation on whether or not a command should have been issued. To be clear, this table is an evaluation of what IS and not what SHOULD BE.

Table 3.13: Voice recall compliance outcomes for visitor groups that had at least one event opportunity.

Year	Compliant	Noncompliant	No Command Issued
2014	20.9%	7.4%	71.6%
2016	16.1%	5.7%	78.1%
2018	20.4%	6.0%	73.7%

Event-level stats

To evaluate the types of events that do take place, we can ignore (filter out) the visitor groups that did not have any events and then categorize the event type based on what the opportunity was composed of. After categorizing the event, we looked at whether or not the event had a dog behavior violation, a guardian command violation, or both (Table 3.14). A couple of important things to remember are that commands could only be evaluated for compliance if they were given and that a single visitor group can have multiple events while under observation. Sometimes commands were given by the dog guardian in the absence of any opportunity. These were recorded as Isolated command events but are excluded from this table since they are not linked to specific opportunities (they are included in the Voice Recall section). There were also a number of events where the dog under observation approached the observer. These were categorized as Observer events to distinguish them from Person or Person & Dog events, which involved other visitor groups on the trail.

Table 3.14: Frequency of events by opportunity type and compliance outcomes.

		No Violation		Violation
Year	Opportunity	Pass	Interaction	Behavior	Command	Both	Compliance
2014	Dog	7	16	5	3	0	74%
	Person	101	12	3	0	1	97%
	Person & Dog	11	8	8	1	1	66%
	Wildlife/Livestock	3	2	5	0	2	42%
	Observer	12	5	8	1	1	63%
2016	Dog	1	0	0	0	0	100%
	Person	129	37	0	2	0	99%
	Person & Dog	34	28	1	3	0	94%
	Wildlife/Livestock	2	1	1	0	1	60%
	Observer	1	8	0	2	1	75%
2018	Dog	0	1	0	0	0	100%
	Person	96	15	0	0	0	100%
	Person & Dog	26	27	0	2	0	96%
	Wildlife/Livestock	1	0	1	0	0	50%
	Observer	5	22	0	7	0	79%

3.3.2.2 Voice commands

The event-level stats above (Table 3.14 included voice commands that were considered to be recall events and whether or not those resulted in a noncompliant event. We can evaluate overall visitor group compliance for recall commands by considering whether or not any of the recall commands issued by a group were noncompliant. If they were, then the visitor group was considered to be noncompliant on the voice recall measure (Table 3.15).

Table 3.15: Visitor group compliance with successful recall for all recall commands issued.

	Compliant		Noncompliant
Year	Frequency	Percent	Frequency	Percent
2014	44	77%	13	23%
2016	17	63%	10	37%
2018	43	78%	12	22%

However, there are other types of commands or spoken exchanges between guardians and dogs, which may or may not be intended as recall attempts on the part of the guardian. Table 3.16 below shows compliance rates broken out by year, command type, and the type of opportunity that was present when the guardian issued a command.

Table 3.16: Visitor group compliance for all commands issued by opportunity type.

Year	Command Type	Opportunity	No Violation	Violation	Compliance
2014	other	Pass	7	1	88%
		Interaction	13	5	72%
		Isolated	11	5	69%
	recall	Pass	3	1	75%
		Interaction	14	4	78%
		Isolated	31	9	78%
2016	other	Pass	7	1	88%
		Interaction	10	2	83%
		Isolated	1	0	100%
	recall	Pass	6	1	86%
		Interaction	10	9	53%
		Isolated	1	0	100%
2018	other	Pass	8	0	100%
		Interaction	10	1	91%
		Isolated	16	0	100%
	recall	Pass	5	1	83%
		Interaction	14	8	64%
		Isolated	26	3	90%

3.4 Leash Status

In addition to conducting behavioral observation for Voice and Sight trail, staff also conducted observations on leash and tag status on all trails that allowed dogs. This component differed from the behavioral observation in that it was conducted as a simple line transect across the trail and did not include any coding of behaviors. Rather, it was designed to collect a census of all visitor groups with at least one dog, including a breakdown of group size, activity and the leash and tag status of any dogs in the group.

There were two types of leash required trail regulation classes included in the monitoring program, permanent and seasonally leash required. For both of these regulation classes, compliance require that the visitor group have all dogs on leash, regardless of whether or not they have a Voice and Sight tag. However, in 2018 we also implemented this monitoring component on Voice and Sight trails so that we could assess the leash and tag compliance of all visitor groups with a dog who visit Voice and Sight trails, not just those groups that had an off leash dog. For permanent leash required trails, overall compliance has ranged between 76% and 83% for the three monitoring year. Seasonally leash required trails have had lower overall levels of compliance, ranging from 56% to 62%. We only have data for 2018 for Voice and Sight trails, but the overall compliance with leash and tag regulations was the highest observed at 89% for all visitor groups with dogs.

Table 3.17: Visitor group compliance with leash and tag regulations for all groups with at least one dog.

		Compliant		Noncompliant		Unsure
Type	Year	Frequency	Percent	Frequency	Percent	Frequency	Percent
Permanent Leash	2014	187	83%	37	17%	NA	NA
	2016	248	76%	78	24%	NA	NA
	2018	214	80%	54	20%	NA	NA
Seasonal Leash	2014	8	57%	6	43%	NA	NA
	2016	130	62%	79	38%	NA	NA
	2018	96	56%	75	44%	NA	NA
Voice and Sight	2018	317	89%	23	6%	17	5%

While Table 3.17 shows that compliance differs among regulation class, we can also look at ranges of compliance within a regulations class. We started by filtering out any locations with fewer than 10 total observations within a given year to account for locations with small sample sizes. Plotting compliance rates using a boxplot can give us a sense of both the range of compliance rates across trails as well as how those compliance rates are distributed within that range (Figure 3.5). Permanent leash regulation trails have a median compliance of 86% but also have a wide range of around 57% to 100% (excluding the two outliers). Voice and Sight trails have a similar median compliance at around 90% but a narrower range of around 71% to 100%. Seasonal leash regulation trails have the lowest compliance rates with a median of 57% and a range of 41% to 73%.

Figure 3.5: Compliance ranges and distribution by regulation class for leash and tag regulations

While compliance is dependent on the visitor group following the applicable leash and tag regulations for all dogs in their group we can also look at the proportional breakout by individual dogs for leash and tag status. Table 3.18 below can start to give us a sense of the interaction among regulation class (Type), leash status and tag status. For example, for permanent leash required trails, between 10% and 12% of off leash dogs had a Voice and Sight tag while between 5% and 8% of off leash dogs did not have a tag. Seasonal leash trails on the other hand had much more variability over the three monitoring years for whether off leash dogs were more likely to have a Voice and Sight tag of not. The most recent data from the 2018 cycle suggests that for off leash dogs, there were about 4 times (30%) as many dogs with a tag as those without (8%).

Table 3.18: Proportion of all individual dogs observed by leash and tag status for each trail regulation class.

		Leashed			Off Leash
Type	Year	Tag	No Tag	Unsure	Tag	No Tag	Unsure
Permanent Leash	2014	28%	51%	4%	12%	5%	1%
	2016	17%	46%	14%	10%	8%	6%
	2018	38%	37%	6%	12%	5%	1%
Seasonal Leash	2014	19%	24%	5%	10%	24%	19%
	2016	12%	42%	11%	12%	16%	7%
	2018	37%	19%	3%	30%	8%	4%
Voice and Sight	2018	17%	20%	2%	50%	6%	5%

The final result worth pointing out is the proportional breakout for dogs on Voice and Sight trails, which prior to 2018 we were not able to estimate through any observational data. Based on these results, about 61% of dogs on Voice and Sight trails are off leash. For dogs that were on leash, a similar percentage (17%) had Voice and Sight Tags as those that didn’t (20%). It is also worth noting that we were able to cross-validate the tag percentages for the behavioral component of Voice and Sight monitoring by filtering the leash status data to only include visitor groups with at least one off leash dog. There were no statistical differences in the proportion of tag status between these two datasets, indicating that staff were able to effectively identify tag presence even when sitting further away from the trail during behavioral observation sessions

4 Discussion

The Tag Program monitoring structure is designed to assess compliance with dog regulations across the OSMP system. Observations for the voice and sight, permanent leash required, and seasonal leash required components were conducted at randomly selected locations and times across the system in the spring/summer of 2014, 2016 and 2018 (Figure 3.2). While the sample sizes obtained for most measures are adequate to evaluate system-wide compliance, they are too small to calculate statistically confident site-specific compliance for individual locations.

4.1 Voice and Sight

Primary components of the Voice and Sight Tag Program include tag display, dog to guardian ratios, keeping dogs within sight, non-aggressive behaviors, voice and sight recall, and not chasing wildlife. Each of these components vary in both level of occurrence on the system and compliance outcomes. The Voice and Sight Compliance section presents results in terms of categorical and contextual measured. However, it may also be helpful to think about measures in terms of administrative compliance versus skills based compliance.

Tag compliance, which is an administrative measure (not based on guardians skill/ability to control their dog) has been the largest source of noncompliance for the Voice and Sight component across all three monitoring years. It has ranged from around 69% in 2014 (95% CI, 64 to 74) to a low of 56% in 2016 (95% CI, 51 to 61) and then increase in 2018 to 82% (95% CI, 78 to 85) (Table 3.5). If we consider these figures as ratios instead of percentages, this means that in 2018 about 1 in 5 visitor groups had at least one off leash dog without a voice and sight tag. The lack of tag display may be attributed to any number of factors including guardians who have never participated in the program or guardians who have participated but have lost or not replaced their tags.

Compliance rates for skills based measures however are generally higher overall but are also slightly more variable depending on how they are framed. Not all skills based measures could be evaluated for every visitor group. Some measures, such as entering a closed area, could only be assessed for visitor groups when they were proximate to an area closure. Similarly, voice recall commands could only be assessed if they were issued by the dog guardian. The compliance outcomes for these types of measures can vary greatly depending on whether we evaluate compliance by considering the frequency of noncompliant events among all visitor groups observed or among only those groups that had an opportunity to be assess (e.g. issued a voice command). For both voice recall and entering closed areas, the compliance has been reported based on only the subset of visitor groups that had an opportunity to be assessed on that measure. This offers the best representation of expected compliance outcomes for when these situations are present.

On the other hand, evaluating dog behaviors related to pass or interactions opportunities could be assessed whenever a pass or interaction event occurred. At the visitor group level, compliance for behavioral measures has increased year over year from a low of 81% in 2014 to 98% in 2016 and 99% in 2018 (Table 3.12). When considering the not charging, chasing, or harassing people or dogs measure, it should be noted that this measure was evaluated based on the displayed behaviors of the dog in the party under observation and the response behaviors of the receiving party. When observing responses from people or dogs in the receiving party, staff recorded any clear verbal or physical protests or avoidance to the initiating dog. These behaviors were considered in context by the review panel and were used in the determination of behavioral compliance for the event. To maintain a high degree of objectivity, if clear verbal or physical behaviors were not demonstrated by people or dogs in the receiving party, staff did not attempt to make any interpretation about how the receiving party perceived the interaction.

Two skills based components of potential concern include chasing wildlife and voice commands. For each of these components, the compliance rates have been reported only for visitor parties that had an opportunity to demonstrate compliance with each measure. For chasing wildlife, the main concern is that the probability of wildlife being present at most voice and sight observations sessions is low and only a couple of locations are adjacent to localized populations such as prarie dogs. This means that the potential of observing dog-wildlife interactions was extremely low, with only 12, 5, and 2 events observed in 2014, 106 and 2018, respectively. In other words, while the sample methodolgy for this monitoring effort provide broad and unbiuased coverage of the OSMP system as a whole, wildlife opportunites appear to be highly localized and were captured very infrequently as a result. Simmilarly, voice commands could only be evaluated when they were issued but they did have the highest rate of noncompliance at the visitor group level among all skill based measures at 77% in 2014, 63% in 2016 and 78% in 2018.

4.2 Permanent Leash Required

The permanent leash required component has had a relatively stable compliance rate across all three monitoring cycles, ranging from a high of 83% in 2014 (95% CI, – to –) to a low of 76% in 2016 (95% CI, – to –) and in the middle at 80% in 2018 (95% CI, – to –). These percentages, including sample frequencies are available in Table 3.17.

4.3 Seasonal Leash Required

The seasonal leash required component had a somewhat more variable compliance rate across all three monitoring cycles, ranging from a high of 62% in 2016 (95% CI, – to –) to a low of 56% in 2018 (95% CI, – to –) and simmilarly low at 57% in 2014 (95% CI, – to –). It should be noted that 2014 had a low sample size of only 14 visitor groups while 2016 (n = 209) and 2018 (n = 171) were much higher. These percentages, including sample frequencies are available in Table 3.17. 2018 is the only monitoring year that includes both spring grassland nesting and fall bear closures in the same monitoring year (Figure 3.2.

5 Future Research Recommendations

The following research insights and recommendations are intended to serve as reflection and guidance on how to approach compliance monitoring from an operational perspective going forward. The purpose of this monitoring report is to provide a systematic and data driven assessment of current regulation compliance conditions for certain aspects of dog management on OSMP lands. The need for future monitoring will be evaluated separately as part of the wider program recommendations.

The first insight is that while this monitoring effort has successfully provided comprehensive and robust data to describe the regulatory compliance for dog management (on trails where dogs are allowed) for OSMP overall, it is not necessarily optimized for detecting and describing low frequency or geographically localized behaviors, such as wildlife interactions. When the Voice and Sight Tag Program Monitoring was designed the extent and frequency of certain behaviors - primarily charging, chasing and aggressive displays toward people, dogs, wildlife or livestock - was not well understood in an empirical sense. The sample method developed for this monitoring effort was specifically designed to assess regulatory compliance at a system-wide scale and not to describe site specific conditions. In this regard the monitoring effort was successful, and we now understand that for the majority of Voice and Sight trail miles, the probability of observing a non-compliant behavioral interaction is low (less than 1%).

The second insight is that the sample rate – the number of visitor groups observed per three-hour sessions – is generally low, with a median sample rate of between one and four groups per three hour session, depending on the regulation class being monitored. For Voice and Sight regulation class trails specifically, the behavioral observation method has a median sample rate of two visitor groups per hour while the leash status method has a median sample rate of four groups per hour. The low median sample rates are due in part to a large percentage of sessions where no dogs were observed. For Voice and Sight regulation class trails, along with Permanent Leash class trails, 25% of the sessions had zero visitor groups with dogs observed for the entire three-hour session.

Given the two insights mentioned above, we have developed the following recommendations when considering any future needs or requests for compliance monitoring, particularly in the context of dog.

• Define specific management questions/issues
• Estimate expect effect sizes of any management interventions
• Pilot management interventions using experimental designs when possible (i.e. use treatment and control groups)

Defining specific management questions or issues and then limiting the scope of any research or monitoring to just one or two specific questions will allow staff to optimize the research methods to most efficiently collect data to answer those questions. Additionally, when there are proposals to implement management interventions (e.g. interventions to improve leash use at trailheads) we should carefully consider the expected or target effect size. This will allow staff to both evaluate the sample effort needed to detect the expected effect size (within a given confidence interval) as well as provide a target for defining whether the intervention was successful. Finally, we propose that management interventions be implemented using experimental design principals when possible. Using trailhead leash compliance as an example, this would mean implementing an intervention at some trailheads (treatment group) and not at others (control group). Experimental design principals support the Master Plan strategy RRSE.9 Develop a learning laboratory approach to recreation which in turn can help us identify the most effective and efficient management actions to support RRSE.1 Assess and manage increasing visitation.

6 Appendix

6.1 Site Map Example

Figure 6.1: Field map outlining the field of view and end point markers for the Sanitas Valley behavioral observation site.

6.2 Field Datasheets

6.2.1 Voice and Sight Behavioral Observations

Visitor Group Datasheet

Figure 6.2: Visitor Group (Party) datasheet for the Voice and Sight behavioral interactions observation component.

Interactions Datasheet

Figure 6.3: Events datasheet for the Voice and Sight behavioral interactions observation component.

6.2.2 Leash Status Observations

Interactions Behavioral Definitions

Figure 6.4: Events datasheet for the Voice and Sight behavioral interactions observation component.

6.3 All Monitoring Sites